LITR 5439 Literary &
Historical Utopias
motivating utopia: pageantry (2.40), spectacle, emulation; property and family + (genre); action: formal genre of novel; back to More & Bakhtin conventions: journey, gardens, uniforms, irony / satire, Walden Two + (objs. 1a, 4a) labor-credits in Walden Two & Twin Oaks; property / family as private 7.30, 8.97, 7.82, 9.57 > Woman on the Edge of Time
1. What conventions of utopian fiction
continue? Describe Gilman's prose style—what
advances in utopian fiction as
fiction?
4. Associate Gilman and
Herland with the
Progressive Era, periods of progress as spawning utopias? 6. Herland appears in 1915, a half-century after Darwin's Origin of Species (1859). How does Darwinian or evolutionary thought appear in both the men's and women's attitudes and behavior—e.g., the advent of Parthenogenesis, the women's centuries-long cultivation or breeding, the men's defense of modern American economy as "Social Darwinism," in which an unregulated freemarket creates class struggle & "survival of the fittest." 6a. How may Darwinian utopias be compatible with Behaviorist utopias?
1. What conventions of utopian fiction continue? Describe Gilman's prose style—what advances in utopian fiction as fiction?
4. Associate Gilman and Herland with the Progressive Era, periods of progress as spawning utopias?
6. Herland appears in 1915, a half-century after Darwin's Origin of Species (1859). How does Darwinian or evolutionary thought appear in both the men's and women's attitudes and behavior—e.g., the advent of Parthenogenesis, the women's centuries-long cultivation or breeding, the men's defense of modern American economy as "Social Darwinism," in which an unregulated freemarket creates class struggle & "survival of the fittest."
6a. How may Darwinian utopias be compatible with Behaviorist utopias?
Bakhtin re author's voice p. 47 Cf. Adventure stories: old-fashioned diction (borne, jerkin), perils, escapes, men on a mission, exotic names
Texts &
textiles "Berrian's novels"
in
Looking Backward,
ch. 15. (Instructor will direct.) 3.43; 4.69-4.70, 5.3. 9.46-9 (cf.
Equiano 1.3),
9.58, 9.66 population control 5.22, 5.45 cats private family 1.96, 6.69, 7.30, 7.92
Jeff + Celis Terry + Alima Van + Ellador 3.101 Mine was named Somel, Jeff's Zava, and Terry's Moadine.
Utopias as hybrid of fiction and history, imagination and experience, idealism and reality. start thinking like it's real, or lose interest characterization: problem of extended characterization. Extended dialogues and explication prevents development of character and setting; contrast Skinner.
Herland Notes 1.1 writing, gardens 1.3 for fear some self-appointed missionaries, or traders, or land-greedy expansionists 1.6 Terry rich, mechanical 1.8 Jeff = poet, botanist, doctor [1.9] As for
me, sociology's my major. You have to back that up
with a lot of other sciences, of course. I'm interested in them all.
[late 1800s, early
1900s Progressive era featured professionalization of human or social sciences
like sociology, anthropology, psychology] [1.11] big scientific expedition. [1.14] talk among our guides. . . .
legends and folk myths of these scattered tribes.
1.15 savages had a story about a strange
and terrible Woman Land in the high distance. 1.37 saw a quite different country—a
sudden view of mountains, steep and bare. [1.44] "Chemicals of some sort—I can't
tell on the spot. Look to me like dyestuffs. Let's get nearer," he urged, "up
there by the fall."
[1.45] Jeff suddenly held up an
unlooked-for trophy.
[1.46] It
was only a rag, a long, raveled fragment of cloth. But it was a well-woven
fabric, with a pattern, and of a clear scarlet that the water had not faded. No
savage tribe that we had heard of made such fabrics.
[Modern feminist
theory may associate men’s culture with texts, women’s with textiles] [1.54]
something
attractive to a bunch of unattached young men in finding an undiscovered country
of a strictly Amazonian nature.
[1.56] "Somewhere up yonder they spin
and weave and dye—as well as we do."
[1.57] "That would mean a considerable civilization
[1.74] "A punitive expedition," I urged. "If the ladies do
eat us we must make reprisals." [humorous /
satirical mix of military and little-boy talk] [1.82] And Terry, in his secret heart, had visions of a sort of sublimated summer resort—just Girls and Girls and Girls—and that he was going to be—well, Terry was popular among women [1.91] It was funny though, in the light of what we did find, those extremely clear ideas of ours as to what a country of women would be like. [1.93]
"They would fight among themselves," Terry insisted. "Women always do. We
mustn't look to find any sort of order and organization."
[1.94] "You're dead wrong," Jeff told
him. "It will be like a nunnery under an abbess—a peaceful, harmonious
sisterhood."
[1.96] "Nuns, indeed! Your peaceful
sisterhoods were all celibate, Jeff, and under vows
of obedience. These are just women, and mothers, and where there's motherhood
you don't find sisterhood—not much." [do the men
project competitive / Darwinian nature on women?] [1.97] . . . "Also we mustn't look for
inventions and progress; it'll be awfully primitive."
[1.101] "You'll see," he insisted. "I'll get solid with them all—and play one bunch against another. I'll get myself elected king in no time— [1.105]
. . . Jeff
idealized women in the best Southern style. He was full of chivalry and
sentiment, and all that. And he was a good boy; he lived up to his ideals.
1.106 I always liked
Terry. He was a man's man, very much so, generous and brave
and clever; but I don't think any of us in college days was quite pleased to
have him with our sisters. We weren't very
stringent, heavens no! But Terry was "the limit." Later on—why,
of course a man's life is his own, we held, and asked no
questions.
1.107 Terry's idea seemed to be that
pretty women were just so much game and homely ones not worth considering.
[1.109] But I got out of patience with
Jeff, too. He had such rose-colored halos on his
womenfolks. I held a middle ground, highly scientific, of course, and used to
argue learnedly about the physiological limitations of the sex.
[1.124] well forested about the
edges, but in the interior there were wide plains, and everywhere
park-like meadows
and open places.
[1.125]
There were cities, too; that I insisted. It looked—well, it looked like any
other country—a civilized one, I mean.
[1.130] a land in a state of perfect
cultivation, where even the forests looked as if they were cared for; a land
that looked like an enormous park, only it was even more evidently an enormous
garden. [cf. “Ecotopia” + gardens in More and Bellamy] [1.136]
"But they look—why, this is a CIVILIZED country!" I protested. "There must be
men."
[2.2] Even Terry's ardor was held in
check by his firm conviction that there were men to be met, and we saw to it
that each of us had a good stock of cartridges
[ammunition].
2.3 some kind of a matriarchate, . . . a
national harem! But there are men somewhere—didn't
you see the babies?"
[2.6]
"Talk of
civilization," he [Jeff] cried softly in restrained enthusiasm. "I never saw a
forest so petted, even in 2.10 birds, some gorgeous, some musical, all so tame that it seemed almost to contradict our theory of cultivation [2.18] . . . something—more than one something— . . . separated into three swift-moving figures and fled upward [2.22]
They were
girls, of course, no boys could ever have shown that sparkling beauty, and yet
none of us was certain at first.
[2.23] We saw short hair, hatless, loose, and shining; a suit of some light firm stuff, the closest of tunics and kneebreeches, met by trim gaiters. [2.29] "Celis," she said distinctly, pointing to the one in blue; "Alima"—the one in rose; then, with a vivid imitation of Terry's impressive manner, she laid a firm delicate hand on her gold-green jerkin—"Ellador." [2.30] "We can't sit here and learn the
language," Terry protested. He beckoned to them to come nearer, most
winningly—but they gaily shook their heads. He
suggested, by signs, that we all go down together; but again they shook their
heads, still merrily.
Then Ellador clearly indicated that we should go down,
pointing to each and all of us, with unmistakable firmness; and further seeming
to imply by the sweep of a lithe arm that we not only go downward, but go away
altogether—at which we shook our heads in turn.
2.31 a long sparkling thing, a necklace of big varicolored stones [2.32] . . .
Alima, a tall long-limbed lass, well-knit and evidently both strong and agile.
Her eyes were splendid, wide, fearless, as free from suspicion as a child's who
has never been rebuked. Her interest was more that of an intent boy playing a
fascinating game than of a girl lured by an ornament.
2.38 Women like to be run after. [2.41] Sure enough, close to the town,
across a wide meadow, three bright-hued figures were running swiftly.
[2.48]
The road was
some sort of hard manufactured stuff, sloped slightly to shed rain, with every
curve and grade and gutter as perfect as if it were [2.60] Everything was beauty, order, perfect cleanness, and the pleasantest sense of home over it all. [2.61] . . . before us a band of women
standing close together in even order, evidently waiting for us.
[2.63] They
were not young. They were not old. They were not, in the girl sense, beautiful.
They were not in the least ferocious. And yet, as I looked from face to face,
calm, grave, wise, wholly unafraid, evidently assured and determined, I had the
funniest feeling—a very early feeling—a feeling that I traced back and back in
memory until I caught up with it at last. It was that sense of being hopelessly
in the wrong that I had so often felt in early youth when my short legs' utmost
effort failed to overcome the fact that I was late to school.
[analogy / metaphor
makes unfamiliar familiar] 2.65 not old women.
Each was in the full bloom of rosy health, erect, serene,
standing sure-footed and light as any pugilist
[boxer].
They had no weapons, and we had, but we had no wish to shoot.
2.66 Terry had come armed with a theory.
[2.69] In all our discussions and
speculations we had always
unconsciously assumed that the women, whatever else they
might be, would be young. Most men do think that way, I fancy.
[2.70]
"Woman" in the
abstract is young, and, we assume, charming. As they get older they pass off the
stage, somehow, into private ownership mostly, or out of it altogether. But
these good ladies were very much on the stage, and yet any one of them might
have been a grandmother.
2.78
We seemed to think that if there were men we could fight
them, and if there were only women—why, they would be no obstacles at all.
[2.80] And
now here they were, in great numbers, evidently indifferent to what he might
think, evidently determined on some purpose of their own regarding him, and
apparently well able to enforce their purpose. [2.98] Then we found ourselves much in
the
position of the suffragette trying to get to the Parliament buildings through a
triple cordon of [2.100] . . . we were lifted like children
CHAPTER 3 A Peculiar Imprisonment
[3.1] From a slumber as deep as death, as refreshing as that of a healthy child, I slowly awakened. 3.4 absolute physical comfort 3.6
soft green-lit air;
a beautiful
room, in proportion, in color, in smooth simplicity; a scent of blossoming
gardens outside. 3.19
We have been stripped and washed and put to bed like so
many yearling babies—by these highly civilized women." 3.27 mighty sensible dress 3.36 [furniture]
solid, strong, simple in structure,
and comfortable in use—also, incidentally, beautiful.
3.43 a little book, a real printed book, though different from ours both in paper and binding, as well, of course, as in type. 3.45
indeed to learn the language, and
not only that, but to teach our own. [Compare More’s Utopians]
[3.58] "Real girls!" Terry agreed, in immense relief. "Glad
you mentioned 'em. I declare, if I thought there was nothing in the country but
those grenadiers [soldiers] I'd jump out the window."
3.67 Jeff:
"It isn't just that we don't see any men—but we don't see
any signs of them. The—the—reaction of these women is different from any that
I've ever met."
[3.69] "They don't seem to notice our
being men," he went on. "They treat us—well—just as they do one another. It's as
if our being men was a minor incident."
[3.76] "If their hair was only long,"
Jeff would complain, "they would look so much more feminine."
[3.77] Why we should so admire "a woman's crown of hair" and not admire a Chinaman's queue is hard to explain, except that we are so convinced that the long hair "belongs" to a woman. [3.81] "When
I see them knit," Terry said, "I can almost call them feminine."
[women + textiles] [3.97] They had games, too, a good many
of them, but we found them rather uninteresting at first. It was like two people
playing solitaire to see who would get it first; more like a race or a—a
competitive examination, than a real game with some fight in it.
3.101 Our special tutors rose rapidly in our esteem. They seemed of rather finer quality than the guards, though all were on terms of easy friendliness. [3.115] It was hard on Terry, so hard that he finally persuaded us to consider a plan of escape. [3.118] "One or another pair of eyes
is on us every minute except at night."
CHAPTER 4 Our Venture
4.4 he'd show us how a Christian meets his death. Luck was with us. 4.7 these women had pockets in surprising number and variety [4.10] "How are you, Van? Alive yet?" 4.21 live off the country as we did. Even
that margin of forest seemed rich in foodstuffs.
4.24 We came to that flat space where we
had landed; and there, in unbelievable good fortune, we found our machine. [4.31]
"They've got it sewed up in a bag! And we've not a knife
among us!"
[4.32]
Then, as we tugged and pulled at that tough cloth we heard
a sound that made Terry lift his head like a war horse—the sound of an
unmistakable giggle, yes—three giggles.
[4.33] There they were—Celis, Alima, Ellador— [4.35]
Perhaps they've got knives."
4.45 we just begged for those knives, but they would not give them to us 4.54 our swaddled machine [4.56] These women evidently relied on numbers, not so much as a drilled force but as a multitude actuated by a common impulse. [4.58] Back we went, not under an anesthetic this time but skimming along in electric motors [motorcars] enough like ours to be quite recognizable, 4.62 the parklike beauty of our first-seen city was no exception 4.63 a great majority who seemed neither young nor old, but just women; young girls, also, though these, and the children, seeming to be in groups by themselves generally, were less in evidence. 4.63 no boys 4.65 many of those nights we had been seen 4.66 struck me as extremely funny. Here
we had been risking our lives, hiding and prowling like outlaws, living on nuts
and fruit, getting wet and cold at night, and dry and hot by day, and all the
while these estimable women had just been waiting for us to come out.
As to the language—we all fell upon it
with redoubled energy. They brought us books, in greater numbers, and I began to
study them seriously.
[4.69]
"Pretty punk literature," Terry burst forth one day, when
we were in the privacy of our own room. "Of course one expects to begin on
child-stories, but I would like something more interesting now."
[4.70] "Can't expect stirring romance and wild adventure without men, can you?" [4.75]
"Ladies," Terry began, out of a clear sky, as it were, "are there no men in this
country?"
[4.76] "Men?" Somel answered. "Like
you?"
[4.77]
"Yes, men," Terry indicated his beard, and threw back his
broad shoulders. "Men, real men."
[4.78]
"No," she answered quietly. "There are no men in this country. There has not
been a man among us for two thousand years."
[4.89]
"BIRTH, we know, of course; but what is VIRGIN?"
the term VIRGIN is applied to the
female who has not mated," he answered.
[4.91]
"Oh, I see. And does it apply to the male also? Or is there a different term for
him?"
[4.92] He
passed this over rather hurriedly, saying that the same term would apply, but
was seldom used.
4.96 We have been waiting, you see, for you to be able to speak freely with us, and teach us about your country and the rest of the world. [4.111]
"We have cats," she said. "The father is not very useful."
[4.116]
"Whatever do you do without milk?" Terry demanded
incredulously.
[4.117]
"MILK? We have milk in abundance—our own."
CHAPTER 5
A Unique History
[5.1] It is no use for me to try to piece out this account with adventures. 5.3 no adventures because there was nothing to fight. 5.4 By the most prolonged and careful selection and exclusion they had developed a race of cats that did not sing [yowl?]! 5.6 Terry asked them if they used feathers for their hats, and they seemed amused at the idea. 5.8 for decorative purposes 5.9 asking quite simply if the men wore the same kind. We hastened to assure her that they did not 5.15 the kind, quiet, steady, ingenious way they questioned us 5.17 we don't keep dogs for their USEFULNESS. The dog is 'the friend of man,' we say—we love them." 5.22 many centuries that we have been breeding the kind of cats we wanted 5.27 children were the—the RAISON D'ETRE in this country [5.32]
"Oh—girls—why they like them too," he said, but his voice flatted a little. They
always noticed little things like that, we found later.
5.45 "We keep our father cats shut up because we do not want too much fathering 5.51 their country was as neat as a Dutch kitchen 5.52 no young women whatever [5.56] As to geography—at about the time of the Christian era
this land had a free passage to the sea. of Aryan stock, and were once in
contact with the best civilization of the old world. They were "white," but
somewhat darker than our northern races because of their constant exposure to
sun and air. 5.57 a bi-sexual race. 5.67 We told them of the belief in the resurrection of the body, and they asked if our God was not as well able to resurrect from ashes as from long corruption. 5.70 then the miracle happened—one of these young women bore a child 5.78 these ultra-women, inheriting only
from women, had eliminated not only certain masculine characteristics, which of
course we did not look for, but so much of what we had always thought
essentially feminine.
[5.80] The power of mother-love, that maternal instinct we so highly laud, was theirs of course, raised to its highest power; and a sister-love 5.101 they grew together—not by
competition, but by united action.
[5.102] We tried to put in a good word for competition, But don't you LIKE to work?"
[5.105]
"No man would work unless he had to," Terry declared.
[5.106]
"Oh, no MAN! You mean that is one of your sex distinctions?"
[5.107]
"No, indeed!" he said hastily. "No one, I mean, man or woman, would work without
incentive. Competition is the—the motor power, you see."
[5.108] "It is not with us," they explained gently, "so it is hard for us to understand.
CHAPTER 6
Comparisons Are Odious
6.2 without the slightest appearance of
malice or satire, continually bring up points of discussion which we spent our
best efforts in evading.
6.8 I explained that the laws of nature
require a struggle for existence, and that in the struggle the fittest survive,
and the unfit perish. In our economic struggle, I continued, there was always
plenty of opportunity for the fittest to reach the top, which they did, in great
numbers, particularly in our country; that where there was severe economic
pressure the lowest classes of course felt it the worst, and that among the
poorest of all the women were driven into the labor market by necessity.
6.10 This inferior one-third have no
children, I suppose?" [implications of eugenics,
which became popular during Progressive Era] 6.11 the poorer they were, the more
children they had. That too, he explained, was a law of nature: "Reproduction is
in inverse proportion to individuation."
6.14 "We have no laws over a hundred years old 6.29 eager groups, masses of them who came for the purpose 6.34
At first he used to storm and flourish quite a good deal,
but nothing seemed to amuse them more; they would gather around and watch him as
if it was an exhibition, politely, but with evident interest. So he learned to
check himself, and was almost reasonable in his bearing—but not quite.
6.45 "The danger is quite the other way.
They might hurt you. If, by any accident, you did harm any one of us, you would
have to face a million mothers."
6.49 Human Motherhood—in full working use," she went on. "Nothing else except the literal sisterhood of our origin 6.56 "Women cannot cooperate—it's against
nature."
6.58 This place is just like an enormous anthill—you know an anthill is nothing but a nursery. And how about bees? [analogy] [6.60] They developed all this close
inter-service in the interests of their children. To do the best work they had
to specialize, of course; the children needed spinners and weavers, farmers and
gardeners, carpenters and masons, as well as mothers.
[6.64] Not by a "struggle for existence" [cf. Social Darwinism] which would result in an everlasting writhing mass of underbred people trying to get ahead of one another—some few on top, temporarily, many constantly crushed out underneath 6.67 the sense of Conscious Makers of People [6.69] We
are used to seeing what we call "a mother" completely wrapped up in her own pink
bundle of fascinating babyhood, and taking but the faintest theoretic interest
in anybody else's bundle, to say nothing of the common needs of ALL the bundles.
But these women were working all together at the grandest of tasks—they were
Making People—and they made them well.
[6.70] There followed a period of "negative eugenics" . . . forego motherhood [6.77]
"Destroy the unborn—!" she said in a hard whisper.
"Do men do that in your country?"
[6.79]
And, making a wide detour, I scrambled back to my question of how they limited
the population.
6.85 I think the reason our children are
so—so fully loved, by all of us, is that we never—any of us—have enough of our
own."
[6.94] They did effectually and
permanently limit the population in numbers, so that the country furnished
plenty for the fullest, richest life for all of them: plenty of everything,
including room, air, solitude even.
[6.95] And then they set to work to improve that population in quality
CHAPTER 7 Our Growing Modesty 7.4 "A less feminine lot I never saw. A
child apiece doesn't seem to be enough to develop what I call motherliness."
7.8 funny to watch Terry and Moadine. She was patient with him, and courteous, but it was like the patience and courtesy of some great man, say a skilled, experienced diplomat, with a schoolgirl [7.8] He
never seemed to recognize that quiet background of superiority. When she dropped
an argument he always thought he had silenced her; when she laughed he thought
it tribute to his wit.
7.15 "A good many of us have another [name], as we get on in life—a descriptive one. That is the name we earn. 7.21
But as to everyone knowing which child belongs to which
mother—why should she?"
7.30 the finished product is not a private one 7.35 the greatest pains to develop two kinds of minds—the critic and inventor 7.40 a population of about three million—not a large one, but quality is something. [7.41] Terry had insisted that if they were parthenogenetic they'd be as alike as so many ants or aphids; [7.80]
"We
have, of course, made it our first business to train out, to breed out, when
possible, the lowest types."
[7.82] "If
the girl showing the bad qualities had still the power to appreciate social
duty, we appealed to her, by that, to renounce motherhood.
Some of the few worst types were, fortunately, unable to reproduce. But if the
fault was in a disproportionate egotism—then the girl was sure she had the right
to have children, even that hers would be better than others."
[7.85]
"Allowed?" I queried. "Allowed a mother to rear her own children?"
[7.86]
"Certainly not," said Somel, "unless she was fit for that supreme task."
[7.89]
"Motherhood—yes, that is, maternity, to bear a child. But education is our
highest art, only allowed to our highest artists."
7.92 you separate mother and child!" I cried in cold horror, something of Terry's feeling creeping over me
CHAPTER 8 The Girls of Herland 8.9 What we had been forced to admit,
with growing acquaintance, was that they were ignorant as Plato and Aristotle
were, but with a highly developed mentality quite comparable to that of Ancient
Greece.
8.16 his suave and masterful approach seemed to irritate them; his too-intimate glances were vaguely resented, his compliments puzzled and annoyed. [8.28] She
[Alima] never gave an inch. A big, handsome creature, rather
exceptionally strong even in that race of strong women, with a proud head and
sweeping level brows that lined across above her dark eager eyes like the wide
wings of a soaring hawk. [8.36] We
thought—at least Terry did—that we could have our pick of them. They
thought—very cautiously and farsightedly—of picking us, if it seemed wise.
8.40 hold in mind their extremely high
sense of solidarity. They were not each choosing a lover; they hadn't the
faintest idea of love—sex-love, that is. These girls—to each of whom motherhood
was a lodestar, and that motherhood exalted above a mere personal function,
looked forward to as the highest social service, as the sacrament of a
lifetime—were now confronted with an opportunity to make the great step of
changing their whole status, of reverting to their earlier bi-sexual order of
nature.
[8.43] "We
like you the best," Somel told me, "because you seem more like us." 8.50 considering these two things: the
advisability of making the Great Change; and the degree of personal adaptability
which would best serve that end.
[8.63]
Celis was a blue-and-gold-and-rose person; [8.69] The
"long suit" in most courtships is sex attraction, of course. Then gradually
develops such comradeship as the two temperaments allow. Then, after marriage,
there is either the establishment of a slow-growing, widely based friendship,
the deepest, tenderest, sweetest of relations, all lit and warmed by the
recurrent flame of love; or else that process is reversed, love cools and fades,
no friendship grows, the whole relation turns from beauty to ashes.
[8.70] Here everything was different. There was no sex-feeling to appeal to, or practically none. Two thousand years' disuse [8.85] You
see, if a man loves a girl who is in the first place young and inexperienced;
who in the second place is educated with a background of caveman tradition, a
middle-ground of poetry and romance, and a foreground of unspoken hope and
interest all centering upon the one Event; and who has, furthermore, absolutely
no other hope or interest worthy of the name—why, it is a comparatively easy
matter to sweep her off her feet with a dashing attack. Terry was a past master
in this process. He tried it here, and Alima was so affronted, so repelled, that
it was weeks before he got near enough to try again.
8.97 They had no exact analogue for our
word HOME, any more than they had for our Roman-based FAMILY.
[8.105] And the mother instinct, with us so painfully intense, so thwarted by conditions, so concentrated in personal devotion to a few, so bitterly hurt by death, disease, or barrenness, and even by the mere growth of the children, leaving the mother alone in her empty nest—all this feeling with them flowed out in a strong, wide current, unbroken through the generations, deepening and widening through the years, including every child in all the land.
CHAPTER 9 Our Relations and Theirs 9.6 "We cannot live in one place all the
time."
[9.9]
"Staying in it? All the time?" asked Ellador. "Not imprisoned, surely!"
[9.33]
"They've no modesty," snapped Terry. "No patience, no submissiveness, none of
that natural yielding which is woman's greatest charm."
[9.37]
"HOME!" he sneered. "There isn't a home in the whole pitiful place."
[9.38] "There isn't anything else, and you know it," 9.46 The drama of the country was—to our taste—rather flat. You see, they lacked the sex motive and, with it, jealousy. 9.48 a most impressive array of pageantry, of processions, a sort of grand ritual, with their arts and their religion broadly blended. 9.49 the drama, the dance, music, religion, and education were all very close together [9.52] Well, here is the Herland child facing life—as Ellador tried to show it to me. From the first memory, they knew Peace, Beauty, Order, Safety, Love, Wisdom, Justice, Patience, and Plenty. By "plenty" I mean that the babies grew up in an environment which met their needs 9.53 They were People, too, from the
first; the most precious part of the nation.
9.54
The things they learned were RELATED, from the first;
related to one another, and to the national prosperity.
9.57 The big difference was that whereas
our children grow up in private homes and families, with every effort made to
protect and seclude them from a dangerous world, here they grew up in a wide,
friendly world, and knew it for theirs, from the first.
[9.58] Their child-literature was a wonderful thing. 9.66 The language itself they had
deliberately clarified, simplified, made easy and beautiful, for the sake of the
children.
9.68 pressure of life upon the environment develops in the human mind its inventive reactions, regardless of sex 9.96 We like to keep on learning,
always."
9.99 psychology with history—not with
personal life?"
9.100 To see the thousands of babies
improving, showing stronger clearer minds, sweeter dispositions, higher
capacities—don't you find it so in your country?"
CHAPTER 10. Their Religions and Our Marriages [dialogue in this chapter may gain emotional power from being spoken b/w lovers] 10.3 only as I grew to love Ellador more
than I believed anyone could love anybody, as I grew faintly to appreciate her
inner attitude and state of mind, that I began to get some glimpses of this
faith of theirs. 10.7 The story of the Virgin birth naturally did not astonish her, but 10.8 infant damnation [10.15] "You see, we are not accustomed to horrible ideas," she said, coming back to me rather apologetically. "We haven't any. 10.17 only this—that people who are utterly ignorant will believe anything [10.23]
"Have you no respect for the past? For what was thought and believed by your
foremothers?"
[10.24]
"Why, no," she said. "Why should we? They are all gone. They knew less than we
do. If we are not beyond them, we are unworthy of them—and unworthy of the
children who must go beyond us."
10.27 "It's because we began in a new way, I suppose. All our folks were swept away at once [origin story] 10.34 "We do things FROM our mothers—not
FOR them. We don't have to do things FOR them—they don't need it, you know. But
we have to live on—splendidly—because of them; and that's the way we feel about
God."
10.38 "We have no punishments in life,
you see, so we don't imagine them after death." [10.44]
. . . we insist that it is Him, a
Person, and a Man—with whiskers."
[10.45] "Whiskers? Oh
yes—because you have them! Or do you wear them because He does?"
10.49 we had simply taken over the patriarchal idea [10.54]
"What I cannot understand," she pursued carefully, "is your preservation of such
a very ancient state of mind. This patriarchal idea you tell me is thousands of
years old?"
10.64 "what I cannot understand is why
you keep these early religious ideas so long. You have changed all your others,
haven't you?"
10.68 Patience, gentleness, courtesy, all that we call "good breeding," was part of their code of conduct. But where they went far beyond us was in the special application of religious feeling to every field of life. 10.72 clear, simple, rational directions as to how we should live—and why. And for ritual it gave first those triumphant group demonstrations, when with a union of all the arts, the revivifying combination of great multitudes moved rhythmically with march and dance, song and music, among their own noblest products and the open beauty of their groves and hills. 10.73 But—how about death? And the
life everlasting? What does your religion teach about eternity?"
[10.74]
"Nothing," said Ellador. "What is eternity?"
10.101 Quaker wedding [10.103]
"We can at least give them our names," Jeff insisted.
10.111 "Do your women have no names before they are married?" 10.120 the New Hope for their people—the
New Tie with other lands—Brotherhood as well as Sisterhood, and, with evident
awe, Fatherhood.
10.121 High Priests of—of
Philoprogenitiveness!" he protested. "These women think of NOTHING but children,
seems to me! We'll teach 'em!" [10.125] Somel and Zava and Moadine were on hand; we were thankful to have them, too—they seemed almost like relatives.
CHAPTER 11 Our Difficulties 11.2 no combination of alien races, of
color, of caste, or creed, was ever so basically difficult to establish as that
between us, three modern American men, and these three women of Herland.
11.3 The Great Adventure 11.5 now, writing after a lapse of years 11.6 the race-mind of this people 11.10 Also, as men, with our masculine
tradition of far more than two thousand years, we were a unit, small but firm,
against this far larger unit of feminine tradition.
11.13 imagine a male ant [11.22]
"The only thing they can think of about a man is FATHERHOOD!" said Terry in high
scorn. "FATHERHOOD! As if a man was always wanting to be a FATHER!"
11.25 even Alima was patience and
tenderness and wisdom personified to the man she loved, until he—but I haven't
got to that yet. [11.30] For food we either went to any convenient eating-house [11.31]
After marriage there arose in us a somewhat unexpected urge of feeling that
called for a separate house; but this feeling found no response in the hearts of
those fair ladies.
11.33 we had no sense of—perhaps it may
be called possession. [11.57] "You must take me there someday, darling," [11.60] And
no child, stormily demanding a cookie "between meals," was ever more subtly
diverted into an interest in house-building than was I when I found an
apparently imperative demand had disappeared without my noticing it.
11.62 what I had honestly supposed to be a physiological necessity was a psychological necessity [11.63] The
thing that Terry had so complained of when we first came—that they weren't
"feminine," they lacked "charm," now became a great comfort. Their vigorous
beauty was an aesthetic pleasure, not an irritant. Their dress and ornaments had
not a touch of the "come-and-find-me" element.
11.64 she afterward withdrew again into the same good comrade she had been at first. They were women, PLUS, and so much plus that when they did not choose to let the womanness appear, you could not find it anywhere. 11.73 an older, deeper, more "natural"
feeling, the restful reverence which looks up to the Mother sex. [11.82]
But the more she kept away from him, the more he wanted her—naturally.
[11.88] The women of Herland have no fear of men. Why should they have? They are not timid in any sense. They are not weak; and they all have strong trained athletic bodies. Othello could not have extinguished Alima with a pillow, as if she were a mouse. [11.93]
There was a trial before the local Over Mother, and this
woman, who did not enjoy being mastered, stated her case.
[11.94] In a court in our country he would have been held quite "within his rights," 11.97 The sentence was: "You must go home!"
CHAPTER 12 Expelled [12.4] Terry
was under guard now, all the time, known as unsafe, convicted of what was to
them an unpardonable sin.
[12.6] When Terry said SEX, sex with a very large S, he meant the male sex, naturally; its special values, its profound conviction of being "the life force," [12.8] Moadine, grave and strong, as sadly patient as a mother with a degenerate child 12.12] "Why should I want to go back to all our noise and dirt, our vice and crime, our disease and degeneracy?" 12.15 how monotonous our quiet life must
seem to you, how much more stirring yours must be. It must be like the
biological change you told me about when the second sex was introduced—a far
greater movement, constant change, with new possibilities of growth." [12.16] I
had told her of the later biological theories of sex, and she was deeply
convinced of the superior advantages of having two, the superiority of a world
with men in it.
12.18
our unsolved problems, that we had dishonesty and
corruption, vice and crime, disease and insanity, prisons and hospitals; and it
made no more impression on her than it would to tell a South Sea Islander about
the temperature of the [12.27]
And when we say WOMEN, we think FEMALE—the sex.
12.29 the astounding fact—to us—that in
Herland women were "the world."
[12.31] This
outbreak of Terry's, and the strong reaction against it, gave us a new light on
their genuine femininity. This was given me with great clearness by both Ellador
and Somel. The feeling was the same—sick revulsion and horror, such as would be
felt at some climactic blasphemy.
12.35 Of course we want children, and
children come—but that is not what we think about." 12.42 I begin to see—a little—how Terry
was so driven to crime." 12.58 We honor them for their functional powers, even while we dishonor them by our use of it; we honor them for their carefully enforced virtue, even while we show by our own conduct how little we think of that virtue; we value them, sincerely, for the perverted maternal activities which make our wives the most comfortable of servants, bound to us for life with the wages wholly at our own decision, 12.59 a queer feeling, way down deep, as of the stirring of some ancient dim prehistoric consciousness, a feeling that they were right somehow—that this was the way to feel. It was like—coming home to mother. 12.63 when he sought by that supreme conquest which seems so natural a thing to that type of man, to force her to love him as her master—to have the sturdy athletic furious woman rise up and master him [12.65] "She
kicked me," . . . And of course a man's helpless when you hit him like that. No
woman with a shade of decency—"
12.69 great to-do all over the country about Ellador's leaving them. [12.71] They were deeply aroused on the subject of evolution; indeed, the whole field of natural science 12.75 With the lightest touch, different women asking different questions at different times, and putting all our answers together like a picture puzzle, they had figured out a sort of skeleton chart as to the prevalence of disease among us. Even more subtly with no show of horror or condemnation, they had gathered something—far from the truth, but something pretty clear—about poverty, vice, and crime. [12.78]
Finally Jeff and I were called in. Somel and Zava were there, and Ellador, with
many others that we knew.
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