From Chapter 29

Instructor's note: Hawkeye, the Mohicans, Duncan, David Gamut, and Colonel Munro track Cora and Alice into the wilderness, where they are held captive by Magua, who (along with a mixed-tribe force of Indians) also captures Hawkeye, Duncan, and Uncas.

Two essential backgrounds for the Indian scenes:

1. Many Indians at the camp are traditional enemies, thrown together by the confusion of war.

2. A new Indian character appears: the ancient chief Tamenund, based on the historical Tamenend  (c. 1628–1698), a leader of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware people. In the 1680s, Tamenund recalls, he met with William Penn (1644-1718), the founder of Pennsylvania (here called Minquon) to arrange peaceful relations between the Quakers and Indians. Like the Mohicans, Tamenund is a "good Indian" because he co-exists peacefully with but separately from the English.

Halfway through chapter 29, Magua appeals to Tamenund to return Cora to him (Magua).

from Chapter 29 

[Instructor's note to ch. 29: Cooper's attitudes toward race are inevitably dated, but in addition to Cora's mixed racial background, here he allows Magua to give voice to a surprisingly multicultural vision of Anglo-American conquest through pressure on the Indians and enslavement of Africans.]

[29.1] Thus singled, and directly called on to declare his object, the Huron [Magua] arose; and advancing with great deliberation and dignity into the very center of the circle, where he stood confronted by the prisoners, he placed himself in an attitude to speak. Before opening his mouth, however, he bent his eyes slowly along the whole living boundary of earnest faces, as if to temper his expressions to the capacities of his audience. On Hawkeye he cast a glance of respectful enmity; on Duncan, a look of inextinguishable hatred; the shrinking figure of Alice he scarcely deigned to notice; but when his glance met the firm, commanding, and yet lovely form of Cora, his eye lingered a moment, with an expression that it might have been difficult to define. Then, filled with his own dark intentions, he spoke in the language of the Canadas [French language], a tongue that he well knew was comprehended by most of his auditors.

[29.2] "The Spirit that made men colored them differently,” commenced the subtle Huron. "Some are blacker than the sluggish bear. These He said should be slaves; and He ordered them to work forever, like the beaver. You may hear them groan, when the south wind blows, louder than the lowing buffaloes, along the shores of the great salt lake [Atlantic Ocean], where the big canoes [slave ships] come and go with them in droves.

[29.3] “Some He made with faces paler than the ermine [white-furred weasel] of the forests; and these He ordered to be traders; dogs to their women, and wolves to their slaves. He gave this people the nature of the pigeon; wings that never tire; young, more plentiful than the leaves on the trees, and appetites to devour the earth. He gave them tongues like the false call of the wildcat; hearts like rabbits; the cunning of the hog (but none of the fox), and arms longer than the legs of the moose. With his tongue he stops the ears of the Indians; his heart teaches him to pay warriors to fight his battles; his cunning tells him how to get together the goods of the earth; and his arms enclose the land from the shores of the salt-water to the islands of the great lake [Great Lakes of North America—Ontario or Huron?]. His gluttony makes him sick. God gave him enough, and yet he wants all. Such are the pale faces.

[29.4] "Some the Great Spirit made with skins brighter and redder than yonder sun,” continued Magua, pointing impressively upward to the lurid luminary, which was struggling through the misty atmosphere of the horizon; "and these did He fashion to His own mind. He gave them this island [North America] as He had made it, covered with trees, and filled with game. The wind made their clearings; the sun and rain ripened their fruits; and the snows came to tell them to be thankful. What need had they of roads to journey by! They saw through the hills! When the beavers worked, they lay in the shade, and looked on. The winds cooled them in summer; in winter, skins kept them warm. If they fought among themselves, it was to prove that they were men. They were brave; they were just; they were happy.”

[29.5] Here the speaker paused, and again looked around him to discover if his legend had touched the sympathies of his listeners. He met everywhere, with eyes riveted on his own, heads erect and nostrils expanded, as if each individual present felt himself able and willing, singly, to redress the wrongs of his race.

[29.6] "If the Great Spirit gave different tongues to his red children,” he continued, in a low, still melancholy voice, "it was that all animals might understand them. Some He placed among the snows, with their cousin, the bear. Some he placed near the setting sun, on the road to the happy hunting grounds. Some on the lands around the great fresh waters; but to His greatest, and most beloved, He gave the sands of the salt lake. Do my brothers know the name of this favored people"?

[29.7] "It was the Lenape"! exclaimed twenty eager voices in a breath. [Lenape = Delawares, a tribe traditionally descended from the Mohicans incl. Chingachgook & Uncas]

[29.8] "It was the Lenni Lenape,” returned Magua, affecting to bend his head in reverence to their former greatness. "It was the tribes of the Lenape! The sun rose from water that was salt, and set in water that was sweet, and never hid himself from their eyes. But why should I, a Huron of the woods, tell a wise people their own traditions? Why remind them of their injuries; their ancient greatness; their deeds; their glory; their happiness; their losses; their defeats; their misery? Is there not one among them who has seen it all, and who knows it to be true? I have done. My tongue is still for my heart is of lead. I listen.”

[29.9] As the voice of the speaker suddenly ceased, every face and all eyes turned, by a common movement, toward the venerable [ancient, honorable] Tamenund. From the moment that he took his seat, until the present instant, the lips of the patriarch had not severed [parted], and scarcely a sign of life had escaped him. He sat bent in feebleness, and apparently unconscious of the presence he was in, during the whole of that opening scene, in which the skill of the scout had been so clearly established. [Before Magua spoke, Hawkeye had proven his identity by a shooting display.]

[29.10] At the nicely graduated sound of Magua's voice, however, he [Tamenund, the ancient Delaware chief] betrayed some evidence of consciousness, and once or twice he even raised his head, as if to listen. But when the crafty Huron spoke of his nation by name, the eyelids of the old man raised themselves, and he looked out upon the multitude with that sort of dull, unmeaning expression which might be supposed to belong to the countenance of a specter [ghostly apparition]. Then he made an effort to rise, and being upheld by his supporters, he gained his feet, in a posture commanding by its dignity, while he tottered with weakness.

[29.11] "Who calls upon the children of the Lenape"? he said, in a deep, guttural voice, that was rendered awfully audible by the breathless silence of the multitude; "who speaks of things gone? Does not the egg become a worm—the worm a fly, and perish? Why tell the Delawares of good that is past? Better thank the Manitou [Great Spirit] for that which remains.”

[29.12] "It is a Wyandot [Huron],” said Magua, stepping nigher [nearer] to the rude platform on which the other stood; "a friend of Tamenund.”

[29.13] "A friend"! repeated the sage, on whose brow a dark frown settled, imparting a portion of that severity which had rendered his eye so terrible in middle age. "Are the Mingoes rulers of the earth? What brings a Huron in here?" [Tamenund’s Delaware / Lenape and Magua’s Mingoes / Wyandots were long-time enemies]

[29.14] [Magua:] "Justice. His prisoners are with his brothers, and he comes for his own.” [The Delawares are holding Cora and Alice, whom Magua originally captured and so claims as his property]

[29.15] Tamenund turned his head toward one of his supporters, and listened to the short explanation the man gave. [One of Tamenund’s advisor’s confirms Magua’s version of events]

[29.16] Then, facing the applicant [Magua], he [Tamenund] regarded him a moment with deep attention; after which he said, in a low and reluctant voice:

[29.17] "Justice is the law of the great Manitou [Great Spirit]. My children, give the stranger food. Then, Huron, take thine own and depart.”

[29.18] On the delivery of this solemn judgment, the patriarch seated himself, and closed his eyes again, as if better pleased with the images of his own ripened experience than with the visible objects of the world. Against such a decree there was no Delaware sufficiently hardy to murmur, much less oppose himself. The words were barely uttered when four or five of the younger warriors, stepping behind Heyward and the scout, passed thongs [leather strips] so dexterously and rapidly around their arms, as to hold them both in instant bondage. The former [Duncan] was too much engrossed with his precious and nearly insensible burden [Alice, fainted again], to be aware of their intentions before they were executed; and the latter [Hawkeye], who considered even the hostile tribes of the Delawares a superior race of beings, submitted without resistance. Perhaps, however, the manner of the scout would not have been so passive, had he fully comprehended the language in which the preceding dialogue had been conducted. [Hawkeye’s ignorance of French language prevents his understanding that Magua now has custody of Cora and Alice]

[29.19] Magua cast a look of triumph around the whole assembly before he proceeded to the execution of his purpose. Perceiving that the men were unable to offer any resistance, he [Magua] turned his looks on her [Cora] he valued most. Cora met his gaze with an eye so calm and firm, that his resolution wavered. Then, recollecting his former artifice, he raised Alice from the arms of the warrior against whom she leaned, and beckoning Heyward to follow, he motioned for the encircling crowd to open. But Cora, instead of obeying the impulse he had expected, rushed to the feet of the patriarch [Tamenund], and, raising her voice, exclaimed aloud:

[29.20] "Just and venerable Delaware, on thy wisdom and power we lean for mercy! Be deaf to yonder artful and remorseless monster, who poisons thy ears with falsehoods to feed his thirst for blood. Thou that hast lived long, and that hast seen the evil of the world, should know how to temper its calamities to the miserable.”

[29.21] The eyes of the old man opened heavily, and he once more looked upward at the multitude. As the piercing tones of the suppliant swelled on his ears, they moved slowly in the direction of her person, and finally settled there in a steady gaze. Cora had cast herself to her knees; and, with hands clenched in each other and pressed upon her bosom, she remained like a beauteous and breathing model of her sex, looking up in his faded but majestic countenance, with a species of holy reverence. Gradually the expression of Tamenund's features changed, and losing their vacancy in admiration, they lighted with a portion of that intelligence which a century before had been wont to communicate his youthful fire to the extensive bands of the Delawares. Rising without assistance, and seemingly without an effort, he demanded, in a voice that startled its auditors by its firmness:

[29.22] "What art thou"?

[29.23] "A woman. One of a hated race, it thou wilt—a Yengee [Yankee or English]. But one who has never harmed thee, and who cannot harm thy people, if she would; who asks for succor.”

[29.24] "Tell me, my children,” continued the patriarch, hoarsely, motioning to those around him, though his eyes still dwelt upon the kneeling form of Cora, "where have the Delawares camped"?

[29.25] "In the mountains of the Iroquois, beyond the clear springs of the Horican.”

[29.26] "Many parching summers are come and gone,” continued the sage, "since I drank of the water of my own rivers. The children of Minquon* are the justest white men, but they were thirsty and they took it to themselves. Do they follow us so far"?
[*Cooper’s note: William Penn was termed Minquon by the Delawares, and, as he never used violence or injustice in his dealings with them, his reputation for probity passed into a proverb. The American is justly proud of the origin of his nation, which is perhaps unequaled in the history of the world; but the Pennsylvanian and Jerseyman have more reason to value themselves in their ancestors than the natives of any other state, since no wrong was done the original owners of the soil.]

[29.27] "We follow none, we covet nothing,” answered Cora. "Captives against our wills, have we been brought amongst you; and we ask but permission to depart to our own in peace. Art thou not Tamenund—the father, the judge, I had almost said, the prophet—of this people"?

[29.28] "I am Tamenund of many days.”

[29.29] "'Tis now some seven years that one of thy people was at the mercy of a white chief on the borders of this province. He claimed to be of the blood of the good and just Tamenund. "Go,” said the white man, "for thy parent's sake thou art free" Dost thou remember the name of that English warrior"?

[29.30] "I remember, that when a laughing boy,” returned the patriarch, with the peculiar recollection of vast age, "I stood upon the sands of the sea shore, and saw a big canoe, with wings whiter than the swan's, and wider than many eagles, come from the rising sun.”

[29.31] "Nay, nay; I speak not of a time so very distant, but of favor shown to thy kindred by one of mine, within the memory of thy youngest warrior.”

[29.32] "Was it when the Yengeese [English] and the Dutchmanne fought for the hunting-grounds of the Delawares? Then Tamenund was a chief, and first laid aside the bow for the lightning [gunpowder] of the pale faces—"

[29.33] "Not yet then,” interrupted Cora, "by many ages; I speak of a thing of yesterday. Surely, surely, you forget it not.”

[29.34] "It was but yesterday,” rejoined the aged man, with touching pathos, "that the children of the Lenape were masters of the world. The fishes of the salt lake, the birds, the beasts, and the Mengee [Iroquois] of the woods, owned [knew] them for Sagamores [chiefs].”

[29.35] Cora bowed her head in disappointment, and, for a bitter moment struggled with her chagrin. Then, elevating her rich features and beaming eyes, she continued, in tones scarcely less penetrating than the unearthly voice of the patriarch himself:

[29.36] "Tell me, is Tamenund a father"?

[29.37] The old man looked down upon her from his elevated stand, with a benignant smile on his wasted countenance, and then casting his eyes slowly over the whole assemblage, he answered:

[29.38] "Of a nation.”

[29.39] "For myself I ask nothing. Like thee and thine, venerable chief,” she continued, pressing her hands convulsively on her heart, and suffering her head to droop until her burning cheeks were nearly concealed in the maze of dark, glossy tresses that fell in disorder upon her shoulders, "the curse of my ancestors has fallen heavily on their child [<Does Cora refer to her African as well as European ancestry?]. But yonder is one [Alice] who has never known the weight of Heaven's displeasure until now. She is the daughter of an old and failing man, whose days are near their close. She has many, very many, to love her, and delight in her; and she is too good, much too precious, to become the victim of that villain.”

[29.40] [Tamenund:] "I know that the pale faces are a proud and hungry race. I know that they claim not only to have the earth, but that the meanest of their color is better than the Sachems [chiefs] of the red man. The dogs and crows of their tribes,” continued the earnest old chieftain, without heeding the wounded spirit of his listener, whose head was nearly crushed to the earth in shame, as he proceeded, "would bark and caw before they would take a woman to their wigwams whose blood was not of the color of snow. But let them not boast before the face of the Manitou [Great Spirit] too loud. They entered the land at the rising, and may yet go off at the setting sun. I have often seen the locusts strip the leaves from the trees, but the season of blossoms has always come again.”

[29.41] "It is so,” said Cora, drawing a long breath, as if reviving from a trance, raising her face, and shaking back her shining veil [dark hair], with a kindling eye, that contradicted the death-like paleness of her countenance; "but why—it is not permitted us to inquire. There is yet one of thine own people who has not been brought before thee; before thou lettest the Huron depart in triumph, hear him speak.” [<Cora refers to Uncas]

[29.42] Observing Tamenund to look about him doubtingly, one of his companions said:

[29.43] "It is a snake—a red-skin in the pay of the Yengeese. We keep him for the torture.” [red-skin, him = Uncas]

[29.44] "Let him come,” returned the sage.

[29.45] Then Tamenund once more sank into his seat, and a silence so deep prevailed while the young man [Tamenund’s aide] prepared to obey his simple mandate [order], that the leaves, which fluttered in the draught [breeze] of the light morning air, were distinctly heard rustling in the surrounding forest.

Chapter 30

Essential historical backgrounds: the fictional Uncas is named after and descended from a historical Uncas (c.1588-c.1683), who allied his Mohegan followers with early English settlers in Massachusetts and Connecticut. In Cooper’s fictional background, Tamenund is so old that he remembers the historic Uncas. When Chingachgook’s son Uncas speaks, Tamenund thinks he hears the Uncas of long ago and that the old days before whites took over have returned.

Tamenund’s Delawares were related to, even descended from the Mohegans / Mohicans. Therefore the chapter’s action is the emergence of Uncas, who at first appears only as a prisoner, as a prince of the Algonquian Indians gathered at the scene.

The identifying mark of Uncas’s royal status is his tortoise tattoo. The tortoise appears as the foundation of creation in a number of eastern American Indian origin or creation stories, e. g. versions of the Iroquois Creation Story.

This climactic chapter refers insistently to skin color in terms of the color code.

Chapter 30

[30.1] The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes. Then the waving multitude opened and shut again, and Uncas stood in the living circle. All those eyes, which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage [Tamenund], as the source of their own intelligence, turned on the instant, and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect, agile, and faultless person of the captive [Uncas].

[30.2] But neither the presence in which he found himself, nor the exclusive attention that he attracted, in any manner disturbed the self-possession of the young Mohican. He cast a deliberate and observing look on every side of him, meeting the settled expression of hostility that lowered [frowned] in the visages [faces] of the chiefs with the same calmness as the curious gaze of the attentive children. But when, last in this haughty scrutiny, the person of Tamenund came under his glance, his eye became fixed, as though all other objects were already forgotten. Then, advancing with a slow and noiseless step up the area, he placed himself immediately before the footstool of the sage. Here he stood unnoted, though keenly observant himself, until one of the chiefs apprised the latter of his presence.

[30.3] "With what tongue does the prisoner speak to the Manitou [Great Spirit]?” demanded the patriarch, without unclosing his eyes.

[30.4] "Like his fathers,” Uncas replied; "with the tongue of a Delaware.”

[30.5] At this sudden and unexpected annunciation, a low, fierce yell ran through the multitude, that might not inaptly be compared to the growl of the lion, as his choler [fighting spirit] is first awakened—a fearful omen of the weight of his future anger. The effect was equally strong on the sage [Tamenund], though differently exhibited. He passed a hand before his eyes, as if to exclude the least evidence of so shameful a spectacle, while he repeated, in his low, guttural tones, the words he had just heard.

[30.6] "A Delaware! I have lived to see the tribes of the Lenape driven from their council-fires, and scattered, like broken herds of deer, among the hills of the Iroquois! I have seen the hatchets of a strong people sweep woods from the valleys, that the winds of heaven have spared! The beasts that run on the mountains, and the birds that fly above the trees, have I seen living in the wigwams of men; but never before have I found a Delaware so base as to creep, like a poisonous serpent, into the camps of his nation.”

[30.7] "The singing-birds have opened their bills,” returned Uncas, in the softest notes of his own musical voice; "and Tamenund has heard their song.” [Uncas intimates that Tamenund’s advisors (including Magua) have been telling him sweet lies]

[30.8] The sage started, and bent his head aside, as if to catch the fleeting sounds of some passing melody.

[30.9] "Does Tamenund dream!” he exclaimed. "What voice is at his ear! Have the winters gone backward! Will summer come again to the children of the Lenape!" [“Ubi sunt” theme—literally, “where are?”—in which a speaker or poet nostalgically revisits an earlier time]

[30.10] A solemn and respectful silence succeeded this incoherent burst from the lips of the Delaware prophet. His people readily constructed his unintelligible language into one of those mysterious conferences he was believed to hold so frequently with a superior intelligence and they awaited the issue of the revelation in awe. After a patient pause, however, one of the aged men, perceiving that the sage had lost the recollection of the subject before them, ventured to remind him again of the presence of the prisoner.

[30.11] "The false Delaware trembles lest he should hear the words of Tamenund,” he said. "'Tis a hound that howls, when the Yengeese [English] show him a trail.” [Tamenund’s advisor suggests that Uncas has sold out the Indians to the English]

[30.12] "And ye,” returned Uncas, looking sternly around him, "are dogs that whine, when the Frenchman casts ye the offals [entrails] of his deer!” [In return, Uncas taunts that the other Indians grovel to the French]

[30.13] Twenty knives gleamed in the air, and as many warriors sprang to their feet, at this biting, and perhaps merited retort; but a motion from one of the chiefs suppressed the outbreaking of their tempers, and restored the appearance of quiet. The task might probably have been more difficult, had not a movement made by Tamenund indicated that he was again about to speak.

[30.14] "Delaware!” resumed the sage, "little art thou worthy of thy name. My people have not seen a bright sun in many winters; and the warrior who deserts his tribe when hid in clouds is doubly a traitor. The law of the Manitou [Great Spirit] is just. It is so; while the rivers run and the mountains stand, while the blossoms come and go on the trees, it must be so. He is thine, my children; deal justly by him.” [Perhaps echoing Pilate’s acquiescence to the mob’s call for Christ’s crucifixion, Tamenund refrains from intervening for Uncas and turns him over to the agitated gathering for likely torture and death]

[30.15] Not a limb was moved, nor was a breath drawn louder and longer than common, until the closing syllable of this final decree had passed the lips of Tamenund. Then a cry of vengeance burst at once, as it might be, from the united lips of the nation; a frightful augury [foretelling] of their ruthless intentions. In the midst of these prolonged and savage yells, a chief proclaimed, in a high voice, that the captive was condemned to endure the dreadful trial of torture by fire. The circle broke its order, and screams of delight mingled with the bustle and tumult of preparation. Heyward struggled madly with his captors; the anxious eye of Hawkeye began to look around him, with an expression of peculiar earnestness; and Cora again threw herself at the feet of the patriarch, once more a suppliant for mercy.

[30.16] Throughout the whole of these trying moments, Uncas had alone preserved his serenity. He looked on the preparations with a steady eye, and when the tormentors came to seize him, he met them with a firm and upright attitude. One among them, if possible more fierce and savage than his fellows, seized the hunting-shirt of the young warrior, and at a single effort tore it from his body. Then, with a yell of frantic pleasure, he leaped toward his unresisting victim and prepared to lead him to the stake.

[30.17] But, at that moment, when he appeared most a stranger to the feelings of humanity, the purpose of the savage was arrested as suddenly as if a supernatural agency had interposed in the behalf of Uncas. The eyeballs of the Delaware seemed to start from their sockets; his mouth opened and his whole form became frozen in an attitude of amazement. Raising his hand with a slow and regulated motion, he pointed with a finger to the bosom of the captive. His companions crowded about him in wonder and every eye was like his own, fastened intently on the figure of a small tortoise, beautifully tattooed on the breast of the prisoner, in a bright blue tint.

[30.18] For a single instant Uncas enjoyed his triumph, smiling calmly on the scene. Then motioning the crowd away with a high and haughty sweep of his arm, he advanced in front of the nation with the air of a king, and spoke in a voice louder than the murmur of admiration that ran through the multitude.

[30.19] "Men of the Lenni Lenape!” he said, "my race upholds the earth! [<tortoise figure>] Your feeble tribe stands on my shell! What fire that a Delaware can light would burn the child of my fathers,” he added, pointing proudly to the simple blazonry on his skin; "the blood that came from such a stock would smother your flames! My race is the grandfather of nations!”

[30.20] "Who art thou?” demanded Tamenund, rising at the startling tones he heard, more than at any meaning conveyed by the language of the prisoner.

[30.21] "Uncas, the son of Chingachgook,” answered the captive modestly, turning from the nation, and bending his head in reverence to the other's character and years; "a son of the great Unamis.”* *[Cooper’s note: Turtle.]

[30.22] "The hour of Tamenund is nigh!” exclaimed the sage; "the day is come, at last, to the night! I thank the Manitou, that one is here to fill my place at the council-fire. Uncas, the child of Uncas, is found! Let the eyes of a dying eagle gaze on the rising sun.”

[30.23] The youth stepped lightly, but proudly on the platform, where he became visible to the whole agitated and wondering multitude. Tamenund held him long at the length of his arm and read every turn in the fine lineaments of his countenance, with the untiring gaze of one who recalled days of happiness.

[30.24] "Is Tamenund a boy?” at length the bewildered prophet exclaimed. "Have I dreamed of so many snows—that my people were scattered like floating sands—of Yengeese, more plenty than the leaves on the trees! The arrow of Tamenund would not frighten the fawn; his arm if withered like the branch of a dead oak; the snail would be swifter in the race; yet is Uncas before him as they went to battle against the pale faces! Uncas, the panther of his tribe, the eldest son of the Lenape, the wisest Sagamore of the Mohicans! Tell me, ye Delawares has Tamenund been a sleeper for a hundred winters?”

[30.25] The calm and deep silence which succeeded these words sufficiently announced the awful reverence with which his people received the communication of the patriarch [Tamenund]. None dared to answer, though all listened in breathless expectation of what might follow. Uncas, however, looking in his face with the fondness and veneration of a favored child, presumed on his own high and acknowledged rank, to reply.

[30.26] "Four warriors of his [Uncas’s] race have lived and died,” he [Uncas] said, "since the friend of Tamenund led his people in battle. The blood of the turtle has been in many chiefs, but all have gone back into the earth from whence they came, except Chingachgook and his son.” [thus “the last of the Mohicans"]

[30.27] "It is true—it is true,” returned the sage, a flash of recollection destroying all his pleasing fancies, and restoring him at once to a consciousness of the true history of his nation. "Our wise men have often said that two warriors of the unchanged race were in the hills of the Yengeese [English]; why have their seats at the council-fires of the Delawares been so long empty?” [Cora’s secret background concerns interracial marriage; Chingachgook and Uncas are “unchanged”—that is, they have never married outside their people]

[30.28] At these words the young man raised his head, which he had still kept bowed a little, in reverence; and lifting his voice so as to be heard by the multitude, as if to explain at once and forever the policy of his family, he said aloud:

[30.29] "Once we slept where we could hear the salt lake [Atlantic Ocean] speak in its anger. Then we were rulers and Sagamores [chiefs] over the land. But when a pale face was seen on every brook, we followed the deer back to the river of our nation. The Delawares were gone. Few warriors of them all stayed to drink of the stream they loved. Then said my fathers, "Here will we hunt. The waters of the river go into the salt lake. If we go toward the setting sun, we shall find streams that run into the great lakes of sweet water; there would a Mohican die, like fishes of the sea, in the clear springs. When the Manitou is ready and shall say "Come,” we will follow the river to the sea, and take our own again." Such, Delawares, is the belief of the children of the Turtle. Our eyes are on the rising and not toward the setting sun. We know whence he comes, but we know not whither he goes. It is enough.”

[30.30] The men of the Lenape listened to his words with all the respect that superstition could lend, finding a secret charm even in the figurative language with which the young Sagamore [chief] imparted his ideas. Uncas himself watched the effect of his brief explanation with intelligent eyes, and gradually dropped the air of authority he had assumed, as he perceived that his auditors were content. Then, permitting his looks to wander over the silent throng that crowded around the elevated seat of Tamenund, he first perceived Hawkeye in his bonds. Stepping eagerly from his stand, he made way for himself to the side of his friend; and cutting his thongs with a quick and angry stroke of his own knife, he motioned to the crowd to divide. The Indians silently obeyed, and once more they stood ranged in their circle, as before his appearance among them. Uncas took the scout by the hand, and led him to the feet of the patriarch.

[30.31] "Father,” he said, "look at this pale face; a just man, and the friend of the Delawares.”

[30.32] "Is he a son of Minquon?” [Minquon = William Penn; i.e., “Is he a Quaker?”]

[30.33] "Not so; a warrior known to the Yengeese, and feared by the Maquas.”

[30.34] "What name has he gained by his deeds?”

[30.35] "We call him Hawkeye,” Uncas replied, using the Delaware phrase; "for his sight never fails. The Mingoes know him better by the death he gives their warriors; with them he is "The Long Rifle""

[30.36] "La Longue Carabine!” exclaimed Tamenund, opening his eyes, and regarding the scout sternly. "My son has not done well to call him friend.”

[30.37] "I call him so who proves himself such,” returned the young chief, with great calmness, but with a steady mien. "If Uncas is welcome among the Delawares, then is Hawkeye with his friends.”

[30.38] "The pale face has slain my young men; his name is great for the blows he has struck the Lenape.”

[30.39] "If a Mingo has whispered that much in the ear of the Delaware, he has only shown that he is a singing-bird,” said the scout, who now believed that it was time to vindicate himself from such offensive charges, and who spoke as the man he addressed, modifying his Indian figures, however, with his own peculiar notions. "That I have slain the Maquas I am not the man to deny, even at their own council-fires; but that, knowingly, my hand has never harmed a Delaware, is opposed to the reason of my gifts, which is friendly to them, and all that belongs to their nation.”

[30.40] A low exclamation of applause passed among the warriors who exchanged looks with each other like men that first began to perceive their error.

[30.41] "Where is the Huron? [Magua]” demanded Tamenund. "Has he stopped my ears?”

[30.42] Magua, whose feelings during that scene in which Uncas had triumphed may be much better imagined than described, answered to the call by stepping boldly in front of the patriarch.

[30.43] "The just Tamenund,” he said, "will not keep what a Huron has lent.”

[30.44] "Tell me, son of my brother,” returned the sage, avoiding the dark countenance of Le Subtil, and turning gladly to the more ingenuous features of Uncas*, "has the stranger a conqueror's right over you?” [pairing of Magua as dark Byronic hero & Uncas as golden boy parallels dark lady-fair lady pairing]

[30.45] [Uncas:] "He has none. The panther may get into snares set by the women; but he is strong, and knows how to leap through them.”

[30.46] [Tamenund:] "La Longue Carabine?”

[30.47] [Uncas:] "Laughs at the Mingoes. Go, Huron, ask your squaws the color of a bear.”

[30.48] [Tamenund:] "The stranger [Duncan] and white maiden [Alice] that come into my camp together?”

[30.49] [Uncas:] "Should journey on an open path.”

[30.50] [Tamenund:] "And the woman [Cora] that Huron [Magua] left with my warriors?”

[30.51] Uncas made no reply.

[30.52] "And the woman [Cora] that the Mingo [Magua] has brought into my camp?” repeated Tamenund, gravely.

[30.53] "She is mine,” cried Magua, shaking his hand in triumph at Uncas. "Mohican, you know that she is mine.”

[30.54] "My son is silent,” said Tamenund, endeavoring to read the expression of the face that the youth turned from him in sorrow.

[30.55] [Uncas:] "It is so,” was the low answer.

[30.56] A short and impressive pause succeeded, during which it was very apparent with what reluctance the multitude admitted the justice of the Mingo's [Magua’s] claim. At length the sage [Tamenund], on whom alone the decision depended, said, in a firm voice:

[30.57] "Huron, depart.”

[30.58] "As he came, just Tamenund,” demanded the wily Magua, "or with hands filled with the faith of the Delawares? The wigwam of Le Renard Subtil is empty. Make him strong with his own.”

[30.59] The aged man mused with himself for a time; and then, bending his head toward one of his venerable companions, he asked:

[30.60] "Are my ears open?”

[30.61] "It is true.”

[30.62] [Tamenund:] "Is this Mingo a chief?”

[30.63] "The first in his nation.”

[30.64] [Tamenund:] "Girl, what wouldst thou? A great warrior takes thee to wife. Go! thy race will not end.”

[30.65] "Better, a thousand times, it should,” exclaimed the horror-struck Cora, "than meet with such a degradation!”

[30.66] [Tamenund:] "Huron, her mind is in the tents of her fathers. An unwilling maiden makes an unhappy wigwam.”

[30.67] "She speaks with the tongue of her people,” returned Magua, regarding his victim with a look of bitter irony.

[30.68] [Magua:] "She is of a race of traders, and will bargain for a bright look. Let Tamenund speak the words.”

[30.69] [Tamenund:] "Take you the wampum, and our love.”

[30.70] [Magua:] "Nothing hence but what Magua brought hither.”

[30.71] [Tamenund:] "Then depart with thine own. The Great Manitou forbids that a Delaware should be unjust.”

[30.72] Magua advanced, and seized his captive [Cora] strongly by the arm; the Delawares fell back, in silence; and Cora, as if conscious that remonstrance would be useless, prepared to submit to her fate without resistance.

[30.73] "Hold, hold!” cried Duncan, springing forward; "Huron, have mercy! her ransom shall make thee richer than any of thy people were ever yet known to be.”

[30.74] "Magua is a red-skin; he wants not the beads of the pale faces.”

[30.75] "Gold, silver, powder, lead—all that a warrior needs shall be in thy wigwam; all that becomes the greatest chief.”

[30.76] "Le Subtil [Magua] is very strong,” cried Magua, violently shaking the hand which grasped the unresisting arm of Cora; "he has his revenge!”

[30.77] "Mighty ruler of Providence!” exclaimed Heyward, clasping his hands together in agony, "can this be suffered! To you, just Tamenund, I appeal for mercy.”

[30.78] "The words of the Delaware are said,” returned the sage, closing his eyes, and dropping back into his seat, alike wearied with his mental and his bodily exertion. "Men speak not twice.”

[30.79] "That a chief should not misspend his time in unsaying what has once been spoken is wise and reasonable,” said Hawkeye, motioning to Duncan to be silent; "but it is also prudent in every warrior to consider well before he strikes his tomahawk into the head of his prisoner. Huron, I love you not; nor can I say that any Mingo has ever received much favor at my hands. It is fair to conclude that, if this war does not soon end, many more of your warriors will meet me in the woods. Put it to your judgment, then, whether you would prefer taking such a prisoner as that into your encampment, or one like myself, who am a man that it would greatly rejoice your nation to see with naked hands.”

[30.80] "Will ‘The Long Rifle’ give his life for the woman?” demanded Magua, hesitatingly; for he had already made a motion toward quitting the place with his victim.

[30.81] "No, no; I have not said so much as that,” returned Hawkeye, drawing back with suitable discretion, when he noted the eagerness with which Magua listened to his proposal. "It would be an unequal exchange, to give a warrior, in the prime of his age and usefulness, for the best woman on the frontiers. I might consent to go into winter quarters, now—at least six weeks afore the leaves will turn—on condition you will release the maiden.”

[30.82] Magua shook his head, and made an impatient sign for the crowd to open.

[30.83] "Well, then,” added the scout, with the musing air of a man who had not half made up his mind; "I will throw ‘killdeer’ [Hawkeye’s rifle] into the bargain. Take the word of an experienced hunter, the piece has not its equal atween the provinces.”

[30.84] Magua still disdained to reply, continuing his efforts to disperse the crowd.

[30.85] "Perhaps,” added the scout, losing his dissembled coolness exactly in proportion as the other manifested an indifference to the exchange, "if I should condition to teach your young men the real virtue of the we'pon, it would smooth the little differences in our judgments.”

[30.86] Le Renard fiercely ordered the Delawares, who still lingered in an impenetrable belt around him, in hopes he would listen to the amicable proposal, to open his path, threatening, by the glance of his eye, another appeal to the infallible justice of their "prophet.”

[30.87] "What is ordered must sooner or later arrive,” continued Hawkeye, turning with a sad and humbled look to Uncas. "The varlet knows his advantage and will keep it! God bless you, boy; you have found friends among your natural kin, and I hope they will prove as true as some you have met who had no Indian cross. As for me, sooner or later, I must die; it is, therefore, fortunate there are but few to make my death-howl. After all, it is likely the imps would have managed to master my scalp, so a day or two will make no great difference in the everlasting reckoning of time.

[30.88] “God bless you,” added the rugged woodsman, bending his head aside, and then instantly changing its direction again, with a wistful look toward the youth; "I loved both you and your father, Uncas, though our skins are not altogether of a color, and our gifts are somewhat different. Tell the Sagamore I never lost sight of him in my greatest trouble; and, as for you, think of me sometimes when on a lucky trail, and depend on it, boy, whether there be one heaven or two, there is a path in the other world by which honest men may come together again. You'll find the rifle in the place we hid it; take it, and keep it for my sake; and, harkee, lad, as your natural gifts don't deny you the use of vengeance, use it a little freely on the Mingoes; it may unburden griefs at my loss, and ease your mind. Huron, I accept your offer; release the woman. I am your prisoner!”

[30.89] A suppressed, but still distinct murmur of approbation ran through the crowd at this generous proposition; even the fiercest among the Delaware warriors manifesting pleasure at the manliness of the intended sacrifice. Magua paused, and for an anxious moment, it might be said, he doubted; then, casting his eyes on Cora, with an expression in which ferocity and admiration were strangely mingled, his purpose became fixed forever.

[30.90] He intimated his contempt of the offer with a backward motion of his head, and said, in a steady and settled voice:

[30.91] "Le Renard Subtil is a great chief; he has but one mind. Come,” he added, laying his hand too familiarly on the shoulder of his captive to urge her onward; "a Huron is no tattler; we will go.”

[30.92] The maiden drew back in lofty womanly reserve, and her dark eye kindled, while the rich blood shot, like the passing brightness of the sun, into her very temples, at the indignity.

[30.93] "I am your prisoner, and, at a fitting time shall be ready to follow, even to my death. But violence is unnecessary,” she coldly said; and immediately turning to Hawkeye, added: "Generous hunter! from my soul I thank you. Your offer is vain, neither could it be accepted; but still you may serve me, even more than in your own noble intention. Look at that drooping humbled child! Abandon her not until you leave her in the habitations of civilized men. I will not say,” wringing the hard hand of the scout, "that her father will reward you—for such as you are above the rewards of men—but he will thank you and bless you. And, believe me, the blessing of a just and aged man has virtue in the sight of Heaven. Would to God I could hear one word from his lips at this awful moment!”

[30.94] Her voice became choked, and, for an instant, she was silent; then, advancing a step nigher to Duncan, who was supporting her unconscious sister, she continued, in more subdued tones, but in which feeling and the habits of her sex maintained a fearful struggle: "I need not tell you to cherish the treasure you will possess. You love her, Heyward; that would conceal a thousand faults, though she had them. She is kind, gentle, sweet, good, as mortal may be. There is not a blemish in mind or person at which the proudest of you all would sicken. She is fair—oh! how surpassingly fair!” laying her own beautiful, but less brilliant, hand in melancholy affection on the alabaster forehead of Alice, and parting the golden hair which clustered about her brows; "and yet her soul is pure and spotless as her skin! [correspondence + color code] I could say much—more, perhaps, than cooler reason would approve; but I will spare you and myself—" Her voice became inaudible, and her face was bent over the form of her sister. After a long and burning kiss, she arose, and with features of the hue of death, but without even a tear in her feverish eye, she turned away, and added, to the savage, with all her former elevation of manner: "Now, sir, if it be your pleasure, I will follow.”

[30.95] "Ay, go,” cried Duncan, placing Alice in the arms of an Indian girl; "go, Magua, go. These Delawares have their laws, which forbid them to detain you; but I—I have no such obligation. Go, malignant monster—why do you delay?”

[30.96] It would be difficult to describe the expression with which Magua listened to this threat to follow. There was at first a fierce and manifest display of joy, and then it was instantly subdued in a look of cunning coldness.

[30.97] "The woods are open,” he was content with answering, "’The Open Hand’ [Duncan] can come.”

[30.98] "Hold,” cried Hawkeye, seizing Duncan by the arm, and detaining him by violence; "you know not the craft of the imp. He would lead you to an ambushment, and your death—"

[30.99] "Huron [addressing Magua],” interrupted Uncas, who submissive to the stern customs of his people, had been an attentive and grave listener to all that passed; "Huron, the justice of the Delawares comes from the Manitou. Look at the sun. He is now in the upper branches of the hemlock. Your path is short and open. When he is seen above the trees, there will be men on your trail.”

[30.100] "I hear a crow!” exclaimed Magua, with a taunting laugh. "Go!” he added, shaking his hand at the crowd, which had slowly opened to admit his passage. "Where are the petticoats of the Delawares! Let them send their arrows and their guns to the Wyandots; they shall have venison to eat, and corn to hoe. Dogs, rabbits, thieves—I spit on you!”

[30.101] His parting gibes were listened to in a dead, boding silence, and, with these biting words in his mouth, the triumphant Magua passed unmolested into the forest, followed by his passive captive [Cora], and protected by the inviolable laws of Indian hospitality.  

End Chapter 30