640 OENONE: Think of your son,    

Act 2, sc. 5 b/w Hip & Phaedra: dramatic irony; horror and pity (catharsis) for Phaedra's humiliation]

755 What is it I say? Do you think this vile confession / I have made is what I meant to utter?

965 How look you now on this contemptuous prince?  

PHAEDRA: As on a monster frightful to mine eyes.

1555 What plaintive voice cries deep within my heart? / A secret pity troubles and alarms me.

1643 Some say a god . . .

1731 Heaven in my bosom kindled baleful fire,  / And vile Oenone's cunning did the rest.

3. What impact from adding characters like Aricia or Ismene? (esp. Aricia as romance, & Oenone as comedy?) (Different Ismene than Oedipus's sister / daughter, in this case the "nurse" or servant to Phaedra)

honor as transcendence? 

100 brought / To stoop so low?

107 Eternal barriers of separation Between us?

450+ girl-talk of love (mimesis?)

464 That I, sad sport of a relentless Fate,

Fed upon bitter tears by night and day,

Could ever taste the maddening draught of love?

The last frail offspring of a royal race,     [romantic characterization]

488-90 The virtues of his sire, without his faults. / I love, as I must own, that generous pride / Which never has stooped beneath the amorous yoke.  [amorous yoke = marriage]    490

491-4 Aricia's chastity, specialness, reserve

499 That piques my ardor, and I long for that.   

526 I leave you free, free as myself,—and more.

528-30 ARICIA: Your kindness is too great—it’s overwhelming. / Such generosity, that pays disgrace / With honor,

553 I rule this Troezen; while the son / Of Phaedra has in Crete a rich domain. / Athens is yours.

568 HIPPOLYTUS: To hate you? I, hate you?

578 I must tell you now The secret that my heart can hold no longer.

589 humbled is the pride wherein I boasted.

629 this high throne of empire / Is not the one most precious in my sight.    [romance transcends even monarchy]   630

1483 But you, Sir, love me; and my virtue shrinks— / HIPPOLYTUS: No, no, your reputation is to me / As dear as to yourself.

1566 Oenone, shamed and driven from her sight, / Has cast herself into the ocean depths.

4. What is the impact of more genre-mixing, esp. mixing tragedy with comedy and romance?

romance attracts love instead of catharsis? (fear & pity) 

[Lines 1048-58 constitute a mini-romance narrative of capture and escape.]

1083 But innocence surely has nothing to fear.

1334 They loved without the consciousness of guilt;

1364 Whose heart is this I claim / As mine?

1396 Oenone: Weakness is natural / To man. A mortal, to a mortal's lot / Submit.  (comedy?)

1543 Your hands invincible / Have rid the world of monsters numberless; / But all are not destroyed, one you have left  / Alive—

1665 The gods have robbed me of a guiltless life," / I hear him say: "Take care of sad Aricia / When I am dead.

1761 Aricia shall be held my daughter from today.                 

5. How does the Oedipal Conflict factor into the story of Phaedra (and, possibly, similar stories of "cougars" or older women-younger men stories).

Model assignment (Kaitlin #2) (Nona #3)

322-3 I fled his presence everywhere, but found him— / O crowning horror!—in his father's features.

688 He lives, and breathes in you. I see him still / Before me, and to him I seem to speak; / My heart—  / Oh! I am mad; do what I will, / I cannot hide my passion.

703 Or like yourself.  He had your mien, your eyes, Spoke and could blush like you

726 HIPPOLYTUS: Gods! What is this I hear? Have you forgotten / That Theseus is my father and your husband?

765 Does Theseus's widow dare to love his son? The frightful monster!

878 he shall teach my son / How to rule men. It may be he will deign / To be to him a father.

1024 Before you reached my age / More than one tyrant, more than one monster* /  Had felt the weight of your stout arm.

1070 Is my son, mine own   / Dear son, confederate with mine enemies? 

1096 I know this sword* that served him in his fury— This sword I gave him for nobler use.

1143 Disgrace enough have I incurred for ever / In being father of so vile a son,

1250 I loved thee; and, in spite of thine offence,  / My heart is troubled by anticipation / For thee. But thou hast earned thy doom too well.

Spectacle: act 4, sc. 1, scene repressed, but not really spectacle?

1623 In front a savage bull, behind a dragon

1649 Pardon my grief. That cruel spectacle         [SPECTACLE—but offstage]

Catharsis

1367 My murderous hands are ready / To spill the blood of guileless innocence.

ACT I, SCENE I

CHARACTERS: HIPPOLYTUS and his tutor THERAMENES

5 Hip: Six months and more my father has been gone,  [my father = Theseus, king of Troezen]

21-2 The hero calmly plots some fresh intrigue,            [The hero = Theseus; intrigue = liaison?]

And only waits till the deluded fair

30 When, prince, did you begin to dread                  30

These peaceful haunts, so dear to happy childhood,

35 all is changed, since to these shores

The gods sent Phaedra.

52 I fly, it must be admitted, from young Aricia,

86 But when you told me of less glorious deeds,

Troth plighted here and there and everywhere,        [Troth = marriages or other unions]

99 Am I too made the slave of love, and brought

To stoop so low?

120 His hatred, stirring a rebellious flame                                                           120

Within you, lends his enemy new charms.

ACT I, SCENE II

CHARACTERS: HIPPOLYTUS; his tutor THERAMENES; Phaedra’s nurse OENONE

148 OENONE: Alas, my lord, what grief was ever like mine? 

. . . Even in my arms a secret malady                                                               150

Slays her, and all her senses are disordered.

ACT I, SCENE III

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA, OENONE

164 PHAEDRA: Ah, how these cumbrous gauds,       [cumbrous gauds = burdensome ornaments]

These veils oppress me! What officious hand                        [officious = intrusive]

Has tied these knots, and gathered over my brow

These clustering coils? How all conspires to add              [coils = curls, extensions]

To my distress!

[Phaedra struggles against her clothing, hair ornaments as against a trap or net]

177 PHAEDRA: Thou glorious author of a hapless race,   [  = the sun, Phaedra’s ancestor]

187 PHAEDRA: a chariot—

192 The gods have made me mad.

208 Oenone: How dare you make attempts upon your life,

And so offend the gods who gave it you,

Prove false to Theseus and your marriage vows,                               210

Ay, and betray your most unhappy children

215 proud enemy of you and yours . . . Hippolytus—

PHAEDRA: Ye gods!

250 OENONE: . . . Think how in my arms you lay      

Newborn. For you, my country and my children

I have forsaken. Do you thus repay

My faithful service?

281 PHAEDRA: It is the will of Venus, and I perish,    [Venus, goddess of love; cf. Greek Aphrodite]

Last, most unhappy of a family

Where all were wretched.

293 PHAEDRA: Son of the Amazon, whom I've oppressed

So long?

OENONE: Hippolytus? Great gods!

322 I fled his presence everywhere, but found him—

O crowning horror!—in his father's features.

340 I have conceived just terror for my crime;

I hate my life, and hold my love in horror.

ACT I, SCENE IV

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA, OENONE, PANOPE [Phaedra’s attendant]

352 PANOPE: The hand of death has seized your peerless husband,                  [Theseus]

362 Panope: some would have the prince,     [the choice = who will be King, succeeding Theseus]

Your child, for master; others, disregarding

The laws, dare to support the stranger's son.   [stranger’s son = Hippolytus]

'Tis even said that a presumptuous faction

Would crown Aricia and the house of Pallas. [Aricia =princess; Pallas = rival of Theseus]

ACT I, SCENE V

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA, OENONE

380 Oenone: He leaves a son,      [i.e., Theseus's & Phaedra's son, not Hippolytus]  380

A slave, if you should die, but, if you live,

A King. On whom has he to lean but you?      [he = Phaedra's son]

ACT II, SCENE I

CHARACTERS: ARICIA [princess of the House of Pallas], ISMENE [Aricia’s friend; not the Ismene who was Oedipus's daughter]

405 ARICIA: Hippolytus requested to see me here!

415 Am I no more a slave?

434 Ismene: Troezen already hails Hippolytus

As King.

451 ISMENE: I know what tales are told

Of proud Hippolytus, but I have seen

Him near you, and have watched with curious eye

How one esteemed so cold would bear himself.

Little did his behavior correspond

With what I looked for; in his face confusion

Appeared at your first glance, he could not turn

His languid eyes away, but gazed on you.

Love is a word that may offend his pride,

But what the tongue disowns, looks can betray.                                       460

461 ARICIA: How eagerly my heart hears what you say,

Though it may be delusion, dear Ismene! . . .

That I, sad sport of a relentless Fate,

Fed upon bitter tears by night and day,

Could ever taste the maddening draught of love?

The last frail offspring of a royal race,

473  you know

How through all Greece no heart has been allowed

To sigh for me, lest by a sister's flame

The brothers' ashes be perchance rekindled.*

487 I love and prize in him riches more rare,

The virtues of his sire, without his faults.

496 to make one who never has stooped before

Bend his proud neck, to pierce a heart of stone,

To bind a captive whom his chains astonish,

Who vainly against a pleasing yoke rebels—               [yoke = harness or burden]

That piques my ardor, and I long for that.  

ACT II, SCENE II

CHARACTERS: HIPPOLYTUS, ARICIA, ISMENE

510 HIPPOLYTUS: Lady, before I go                  [Lady = Aricia]

My duty bids me tell you of your change

Of fortune.

520 One hope have I that soothes        

My sorrow: I can free you from restraint.

Lo, I revoke the laws whose rigor moved

My pity; you are at your own disposal,

Both heart and hand; here, in my heritage, . . .

I leave you free, free as myself,—and more.

528 Aricia: Such generosity, that pays disgrace

With honor,

553 I rule this Troezen; while the son

Of Phaedra has in Crete a rich domain.           [Crete = Greek island home of Phaedra]

Athens is yours.

560 Am I indeed awake? Can I believe  

Such generosity? What god has put it

Into your heart? Well is the fame deserved

That you enjoy! That fame falls short of truth!

Would you for me prove traitor to yourself?

568 HIPPOLYTUS: To hate you? I, hate you? . . .

Could I resist the soul-bewitching charm—

ARICIA: Why, what is this, Sir?

HIPPOLYTUS: I have said too much

Not to say more. Prudence in vain resists

The violence of passion. I have broken

Silence at last, and I must tell you now

The secret that my heart can hold no longer.

589 humbled is the pride wherein I boasted.

For nearly six months past, ashamed, despairing,    

Bearing wherever I go the shaft that rends            [shaft, as from an arrow of love; rends = tears]

My heart, I struggle vainly to be free

From you and from myself; I shun you, present;

Absent, I find you near;

605 With what wild words

I offer you my heart, strange captive held

By silken jess!

ACT II, SCENE III

CHARACTERS: HIPPOLYTUS, ARICIA, THERAMENES, ISMENE

ACT II, SCENE IV

CHARACTERS: HIPPOLYTUS, THERAMENES

ACT II, SCENE V

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA, HIPPOLYTUS, OENONE

645 PHAEDRA: . . . for a son

Plead my alarm. No more has he a father, . . . Already do a thousand foes

Threaten his youth. You only can defend him.

688 He lives, and breathes in you. I see him still

Before me, and to him I seem to speak;

My heart—                           690

Oh! I am mad; do what I will,

I cannot hide my passion.

703 Phaedra: as gods are painted,

Or like yourself.

                             He had your mien, your eyes,    [mien = bearing, style]

Spoke and could blush like you

727 HIPPOLYTUS: Gods! What is this I hear? Have you forgotten

That Theseus is my father and your husband?

734 PHAEDRA: Ah! cruel Prince, too well

You understood me. I have said enough

To save you from mistake. I love. But think not

That at the moment when I love you most

I do not feel my guilt;

763 Prove yourself worthy of your valiant sire,

And rid the world of an offensive monster!      [Theseus famous for slaying monsters]

Does Theseus's widow dare to love his son?

The frightful monster! Let her not escape you!

Here is my heart. This is the place to strike.

ACT II, SCENE VI

CHARACTERS: HIPPOLYTUS, THERAMENES

THERAMENES: Is that the form of Phaedra that I see

Hurried away? What mean these signs of sorrow?

Where is your sword?

788 Your brother is elected, Phaedra wins.

795 HERAMENES: A faint rumor meanwhile whispers

That Theseus is not dead

ACT III, Scene I

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA, OENONE

810 PHAEDRA: Gods! How he heard me! How reluctant                     810

To catch my meaning, dull and cold as marble,

And eager only for a quick retreat!

How oft his blushes made my shame the deeper! . . .

When his sword was pointed to my bosom . . .

That I had touched it was enough for him

To render it forever horrible,

Leaving defilement on the hand that holds it.

846 OENONE: . . . How cruelly his eyes, severely fixed,

Surveyed you almost prostrate at his feet!

How hateful then appeared his savage pride!

Why did not Phaedra see him then as I

Beheld him?                                                                                850

864 PHAEDRA: Then in his heart no rival

Shall ever reign. Your counsel comes too late.        [dramatic irony]

Oenone, serve my madness, not my reason.

His heart is inaccessible to love.

877 His shall be the power

I cannot keep; and he shall teach my son

How to rule men. It may be he will deign

To be to him a father.

885 In you is my last hope; I'll sanction all / You say

ACT III, Scene II

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA (alone)

ACT III, SCENE III

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA, OENONE

901 OENONE: Madam, you must stifle

A fruitless love. Recall your former virtue:

The king who was thought dead will soon appear

Before your eyes, Theseus has just arrived,

Theseus is here.

938 Death only can remove / This weight of horror. Is it such misfortune . . .

 heavy weighs a mother's guilt

Upon her offspring.

964 Oenone: Say, do you love him still?

How look you now on this contemptuous prince?                   [prince = Hippolytus]

PHAEDRA: As on a monster frightful to mine eyes.

967 OENONE: Why yield him, then, an easy victory?

You fear him? Venture to accuse him first,

979 without this bitter remedy

I lose you, and to me your life outweighs                                     980

All else, I'll speak.

                               Theseus, however enraged

Will do no worse than banish him again.

994 Phaedra: Do what you will; I trust

My fate to you. I cannot help myself.

ACT III, SCENE IV

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, HIPPOLYTUS, PHAEDRA, OENONE, THERAMENES

1001 Phaedra: You have been wronged.

ACT III, Scene V

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, HIPPOLYTUS, THERAMENES

1008 HIPPOLYTUS: Phaedra alone / Can solve this mystery.

1010 let me never see her more

1025 Before you reached my age

More than one tyrant, more than one monster

Had felt the weight of your stout arm.

1040 THESEUS: Why, what is this? What terror has possessed 

My family to make them fly before me?

ACT III, Scene VI

CHARACTERS: HIPPOLYTUS, THERAMENES

1077 Gods! What fatal poison / Has love spread over all his house!

1081 How changed he finds me from the son he knew!

With dark forebodings is my mind alarmed,

But innocence surely has nothing to fear.

ACT IV, Scene I

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, OENONE

[The scene opens after Oenone, speaking to Theseus, falsely accuses Hippolytus of making sexual advances on Phaedra.]

[Instructor's note / question: The scene referred to above hardly sounds like spectacle, who why is it repressed?]

1099 And Phaedra—was she loath to have him punished?           [loath = reluctant]

She held her tongue. Was that to spare the culprit?                 1100

[*sword: In Act 2, sc. 5, l. 774 Phaedra took Hippolytus's sword from him; in Act 2, sc. 6, l. 780 Theramenes asked Hippolytus what he was doing without his sword; in Act 3, sc. 3, l. 971 Oenone noted Phaedra's possession of Hippolytus's sword and suggested using it as evidence in falsely accusing Hippolytus.]

OENONE: Nay, but to spare a most unhappy father.

1107 Oenone: in my pity both for her and you,

Have I against my will interpreted

Her tears.

ACT IV, Scene II

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, HIPPOLYTUS

1127 Ought not the blackness of a traitor's heart

To show itself by sure and certain signs?  [Theseus shows tragic flaw: preconceived attitude prevents him from interpreting information and learning or adapting correctly]

1129 HIPPOLYTUS: My father, may I ask what fatal cloud

Has troubled your majestic countenance?    

1151 fly, haste, return not,

Rid all my realms of your atrocious presence.

To thee, to thee, great Neptune, I appeal

1161 Avenge a wretched father!

1165 HIPPOLYTUS: Phaedra accuses me of lawless passion!

1171 You should not have abandoned in your flight

The sword that in her hands helps to condemn you;

1175 HIPPOLYTUS: I might be pardoned if I told the truth;

But it concerns your honor to conceal it.

Approve the reverence that shuts my mouth; . . .

Examine closely what my life has been.  . . .                        1180

 No virtuous man can in a day

Turn traitor, murderer, an incestuous wretch.

1193 It is no wish of mine to vaunt my merits,

But, if I may lay claim to any virtue,

I think beyond all else I have displayed

1207 HIPPOLYTUS: No, father . . .

This heart has not disdained a sacred flame.

Here at your feet I own my real offence:

I love, and love in truth where you forbid me;                           1210

Bound to Aricia by my heart's devotion,

1215 THESEUS: You love her? Heavens!

But no, I see the trick.

You feign a crime to justify yourself.

1220 Hippolytus: Can nothing clear your mind / Of your mistake?

1238 HIPPOLYTUS: Are incest and adultery the words

You cast at me? I hold my tongue. Yet think

What mother Phaedra had; too well you know    [see note above re Minotaur]     1240

Her blood, not mine, is tainted with those horrors.

ACT IV, Scene III

CHARACTERS: THESEUS (alone)

1250 Theseus: I loved thee; and, in spite of thine offence,  

My heart is troubled by anticipation

For thee. But thou hast earned thy doom too well.

ACT IV, SCENE IV

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA, THESEUS

1259 PHAEDRA:  if there yet is time, spare your own offspring.

Respect your race and blood,

1275 Theseus: But yet you know not all his infamy; . . .

He says Aricia has his heart and soul,

That her alone he loves.

PHAEDRA: Aricia?*         [*recognition scene?]                           1280

ACT IV, SCENE V

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA (alone)

1296 Hippolytus can feel, but not for me!

Aricia has his heart,  . . .

Perhaps he has a heart easily melted;

I am the only one he cannot bear!

Then shall I charge myself with his defense?

ACT IV, SCENE VI

CHARACTERS: PHAEDRA, OENONE

1324 The shame of being spurned with contumely,              [contumely = scorn]

Were feeble foretastes of my present torments.

They love each other!

1334 They loved without the consciousness of guilt;

1346 OENONE: What fruit will they enjoy of their vain love?

They will not see each other more.

PHAEDRA: That love

Will last for ever.

1353 Can I suffer

A happiness, Oenone, which insults me?

I crave your pity. She must be destroyed.

1360 What am I saying? Have I lost my senses?                                      1360

Is Phaedra jealous, and will she implore

Theseus for help? My husband lives, and yet

I burn. For whom? Whose heart is this I claim

As mine? At every word I say, my hair

Stands up with horror. Guilt henceforth has passed

All bounds. Hypocrisy and incest breathe

At once through all. My murderous hands are ready

To spill the blood of guileless innocence.

1377 Ah! how his awful shade will start and shudder

When he shall see his daughter brought before him,

Forced to confess sins of such varied dye,                                          [dye = stain]

Crimes it may be unknown to hell itself!      

1393 Oenone: You love. We cannot conquer destiny.

You were drawn on as by a fatal charm.

Is that a marvel without precedent

Among us? Has love triumphed over you,

And o'er none else? Weakness is natural

To man. A mortal, to a mortal's lot

Submit.

1403 PHAEDRA: What words are these I hear? What counsel this

You dare to give me? Will you to the end

Pour poison in mine ears? You have destroyed me.

1413 May Heav'n with justice pay you your deserts!

ACT V, SCENE I

CHARACTERS: HIPPOLYTUS, ARICIA

1431 ARICIA: Defend your honor from a shameful stain,

And force your father to recall his prayers. . . .

Let Theseus know the truth.

1436 HIPPOLYTUS: Could I say more, / Without exposing him to dire disgrace?

1442 I could not hide from you /(Judge if I love you), all I fain would hide / Even from myself.

1447 Let us trust Heaven

To vindicate me, for the gods are just;

For their own honor will they clear the guiltless;

Sooner or later punished for her crime,                                             1450

Phaedra will not escape the shame she merits.

1454 Make your escape from this captivity,

Be bold to bear me company in flight;                    [escape, flight > romance narrative]

1474 ARICIA: Ah, dear to me would be

Such exile! With what joy, my fate to yours

United, could I live, by all the world / Forgotten!

1484 HIPPOLYTUS: No, no, your reputation is to me

As dear as to yourself.

1490 At the gates of Troezen,    

'Mid ancient tombs where princes of my race                 [see also line 1658]

Lie buried, stands a temple,

1497 Thither then

We'll go, if you consent, and swear to love

Forever

ACT V, SCENE II

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, ARICIA, ISMENE

ACT V, SCENE III

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, ARICIA

1529 Have you so little knowledge of his heart?

Do you so ill distinguish between guilt                                        1530

And innocence?

1543 ARICIA: Take heed, my lord. Your hands invincible

Have rid the world of monsters numberless;

But all are not destroyed, one you have left              [one = Phaedra]

Alive—

ACT V, SCENE IV

CHARACTERS: THESEUS (alone)

1554 And yet, despite my stern severity,

What plaintive voice cries deep within my heart?               [plaintive = sorrowful]

A secret pity troubles and alarms me

ACT V, SCENE V

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, PANOPE [Phaedra’s attendant]

1566 Oenone, shamed and driven from her sight,

Has cast herself into the ocean depths.

1581 THESEUS: Heavens! Is Oenone dead, and Phaedra bent

On dying too? Oh, call me back my son! . . . . Be not hasty to bestow

Thy fatal bounty, Neptune; let my prayers

Rather remain ever unheard.

ACT V, SCENE VI

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, THERAMENES

1594 THERAMENES: Hippolytus is dead.

1616 upon the watery plain there rises

A mountain billow with a mighty crest

Of foam, that shoreward rolls, and, as it breaks

Before our eyes vomits a furious monster.  . . .

In front a savage bull, behind a dragon

1643 Some say a god, amid this wild disorder,

Was seen with goads pricking their dusty flanks.

1649 Pardon my grief. That cruel spectacle                [SPECTACLE—but offstage]

1664 "The gods have robbed me of a guiltless life,"

I hear him say: "Take care of sad Aricia

When I am dead.

1679 THERAMENES: Aricia at that instant,

Flying from you, comes timidly, to take him                                        1680

For husband, there, in presence of the gods. . . .

Unrecognized the hero she adores,

She looks, and asks—"Where is Hippolytus?"

ACT V, SCENE VII

CHARACTERS: THESEUS, PHAEDRA, THERAMENES, PANOPE, GUARDS

1722 PHAEDRA: I must repair the wrong that he has suffered—Your son was innocent.

1743 A poison, brought                [penitence = repentance, apology]

To Athens by Medea, runs through my veins.       [Medea = enchantress, niece of Circe]

1749 Death, from mine eyes veiling the light of heaven,

Restores its purity that they defiled.                                  1750

1761 Aricia shall be held my daughter from today.