LITR 5535 American Romanticism

Edgar Allan Poe, “Ligeia” & “Fall of the House of Usher”; William Faulkner, “A Rose for Emily"

midterm
research proposals
forthcoming email
today's schedule
poetry: Corey
[break]
discuss Poe
Faulkner reading: 
next week's assignments


Poe (1809-49)

Monday 2 October: Take-home midterm exam due within 72 hours of class meeting. Edgar Allan Poe, N 694-696, 704-727 (“Ligeia” & “Fall of the House of Usher”); William Faulkner, “N 2160-66.

selection reader / discussion leader: Bonnie Napoli

poetry: Poe, "Anabelle Lee," N 2671

poetry reader / discussion leader: Corey Porter

 


midterms

model assignments

Nobody’s late so far

72-hour limit = Thursday morning or Friday night

will return midterms to you by email—maybe by next class, so check Sunday night or Monday morning--but maybe not, so don't worry if delayed

 

Your reactions to my reactions . . .

Welcome to email back (or phone or confer)—grading is very sensitive material, so the temptation is to keep it out of sight and refuse discussion, but look at it as another learning / teaching opportunity

Remind you that usually no line-editing unless indicated—but will line-edit with you if you like.

 


Research proposals

app. 2 weeks from today . . . 

Monday 16 October: Research Proposal Due (within 72 hours of class). Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, N 812-834. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life . . . , N 939-973.

selection reader / discussion leader: Tish Wallace

poetry: Robert Hayden, "Those Winter Sundays," N 2669

poetry reader / discussion leader: Anuruddha Ellakkala

 

 

(from syllabus)

Research Project

Examples on webpage: Students should review examples of previous student research proposals and projects on the “Model Assignments” sub-page of our course webpage.

 

Students may choose from two options for their research projects.

·        Option 1: 12-15 page traditional analytic / research essay relevant to course.

·        Option 2: 15-20 page journal of research and reflections concerning a variety of materials relevant to the course.

Weight: approximately 40% of final grade

Due dates:

·        proposal due via email within 72 hours of 16 October

·        project due via email due within 72 hours of 13 November

 

Research proposal: Due via email within 72 hours of 16 October.

Write at least two paragraphs containing the following information:

·        Indicate which option—Option 1 (essay) or Option 2 (journal)—your research project will take. (If you’re stuck between the options, or trying to choose between different subjects, explain and explore the situation—I’ll reply as helpfully as I can.)

·        If Option 1, list the primary text(s) you intend to work with. Explain the source of your interest, why the topic is significant, and what you hope to find out through your research. Describe any reading or research you have already done and how useful it has been.

·        If Option 2, mention your possible choices of topics and areas of research for categories listed in Option 2 (journal) requirements.

·        Explain the source of your interest, why the topic matters, and what you want to learn.

·        Mention the types of research you intend, e. g., Background (encyclopedias, handbooks, critical digests, etc.), Secondary (advanced scholarly articles or books exploring a particular question, or reviews of scholarly books), etc.

·        For either option, conclude by asking the instructor at least one question about your topic, possible sources for research, or the writing of your research project.

·        Email or otherwise transmit an electronic version of your proposal to me at whitec@uhcl.edu.

·        Research report proposals will be posted on the course webpage.

·        If you want to confer about your possible topic before submitting a proposal, welcome to confer in person, by phone, or email.

 

Response to Paper Proposal

·        The instructor will email you a reaction okaying the proposal and / or making any necessary suggestions.

·        You are welcome to continue going back and forth with the instructor on email until you are satisfied with your direction.

·        Student does not receive a letter grade for the proposal, only a “yes” or instructions for receiving a yes. Students will not lose credit for problems in reaching a topic as long as they are working to resolve these problems.

·        The only way you can start getting into trouble over the proposal is if you simply don’t offer very much to work with, especially after prompts from instructor. An example of a really bad proposal is one sentence starting with “I’m thinking about” and ending with “doing something about Poe,” then asking, “What do you think?” In these cases, a bad grade won’t be recorded, but the deep hole the student has dug will be remembered. Notes regarding the paper proposal may appear on the Final Grade Report.

 

Model assignments

biggest issues for my new students:

difference / choosing between essay and journal

What's expected in a journal? (it's not a diary or a junk-book)

Answers:

Review explanation in syllabus (as I'll begin to do next week)

Look at examples on Model Assignments page

 

 


forthcoming email

LITR 5535 Homepage > Craig White's Homepage

Class will receive a brief group-letter updating my wife's condition at her 1-year checkup.

Shared emails with classes last year, so will share with you

But no expectations of reactions, etc.


today's schedule

Monday 2 October: Take-home midterm exam due within 72 hours of class meeting. Edgar Allan Poe, N 694-696, 704-727 (“Ligeia” & “Fall of the House of Usher”); William Faulkner, “N 2160-66.

selection reader / discussion leader: Bonnie Napoli

poetry: Poe, "Anabelle Lee," N 2671

poetry reader / discussion leader: Corey Porter

Bonnie unable to attend--one of her students died over weekend, so she's involved with counseling, etc.

> general background on Poe

questions for Poe & Faulkner (discussion after break)

Corey's presentation on "Annabel Lee"

 

Last class's preview of Poe & Faulkner

Poe as "catalog of Romanticism"--His poems and stories are thick as fudge with standard Romantic attitudes and effects

passionate quests (learning, revenge, love, etc.) (quest as romance narrative)

loss (esp. "death of beautiful women")

supernatural (Romanticism doesn't have to go there, but if it's always escaping the here and now and testing boundaries, it's bound to go there sometimes)

the gothic--Poe = what most American readers think of when they think of "the gothic" and related genres

Poe & Faulkner as examples of European / Southern gothic

(contrast wilderness / Puritan gothic of Cooper, Irving, Hawthorne)

Southern USA remains strangely European in some ways: feudalism, stark divisions of rich and poor, "heritage" of past, social positions

 

 

 

 

general background on Poe

most popular writer in our course, maybe the only writer who many people would read without courses like ours

critical-scholarly status about Poe: always a little mixed.

Compare to Faulkner--probably America's greatest writer ever, at least in terms of critical respect. "America's Shakespeare" (But we don't study Faulkner as much in this course b/c he's only tangentially related to Romanticism through the gothic.)

 

 

Critical credit: 

great "musical" quality in verse and prose

very high achievement in several short stories & poems

creator of several genres (detective story, early practitioner of science fiction)

admired and influential in Europe (French symbolist poets)

Comparable to Cooper in popularity and overseas influence

 

Critical doubt: 

Poe concentrates on sensations and effects, therefore questionable depth

maybe just a lot of noise and horror

Poe as escapist fantasy, thrills and chills > appeal to dumb or ignorant aspects of popular mind

 

 

 

 

 

Questions for Poe:

What previous experiences studying / teaching Poe? Can people's reactions be connected to Romanticism?

How do you identify Poe's style? (again, connect to Romanticism)

Who thinks of Poe as an American writer? What can one learn about American Romanticism?

Poe as exemplary gothic writer--does he just re-cook gothic conventions, or does he actually develop the gothic?

 

Questions for Faulkner:

What kinds of continuity from Poe to Faulkner?

How does Poe turn Faulkner's "beauty as death of beautiful woman" around?

What does 20th century do with Romanticism?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


next week's assignments

Monday 9 October: Nathaniel Hawthorne, N 579-584, 610-635 (“Young Goodman Brown,” “May-Pole of Merry Mount,” & “Minister’s Black Veil”)

selection reader / discussion leader: Angela Douglas

poetry: Sylvia Plath, "Blackberrying," N 2783

poetry reader / discussion leader: Jo Lynn Sallee

   

Hawthorne: add N 89-93

Poe: gothic as sensation / psychology

Hawthorne: past as Puritan; light / dark as innocence / guilt + shades of gray

Poe: past as loss; gothic space as unconscious mind; house as head

both "Byronic"

dark, handsome, haunted men of "genius"

next class: review websites on Byronic hero

How do Poe, Byron, others fit model of Byronic Hero?

What significance of the Byronic hero?

 

Other possible topics:

Hawthorne's style, highly identifiable--when you read a Hawthorne story or novel, how can you tell it's Hawthorne?

 

Monday 16 October: Research Proposal Due (within 72 hours of class). Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, N 812-834. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life . . . , N 939-973.

selection reader / discussion leader: Tish Wallace

poetry: Robert Hayden, "Those Winter Sundays," N 2669

poetry reader / discussion leader: Anuruddha Ellakkala

 


Poe

Poe as “catalogue” of Romanticism

desire and loss

gothic

correspondence

romance

life / legend blurred; reality / romanticism

Poe’s style: extreme speech patterns (i. e., not everyday speech as in Realism)

 

 

desire and loss

713 return / loss

713 time after time . . . this hideous drama of revivification

 

romance

708 too divinely precious not to be forbidden! . . . Ligeia grew ill

724 Here is one of your favorite romances

725 knight and dragon

 

gothic

fair lady-dark lady

705 decaying city near Rhine

705 raven-black . . . tresses

709 an abbey, gloomy and dreary grandeur, melancholy and time-honored memories

709 arabesque

715 very ancient family (contrast Americans)

719 “The Haunted Palace”

722 vaults within building

722 donjon-keep / tomb immediately below narrator’s sleeping quarters

 

correspondence

1. act or state of corresponding, relation or agreement of things to each other or of one thing to another.
2. intercourse between persons by letters

+ Romantic concept concerning relation between inner and outer world, soul and nature, self and cosmos

Emerson 488 every hour and change corresponds to and authorizes a different state of the mind

"Legend of Sleepy Hollow"

2097 every sound of nature, at that witching hour, fluttered his excited imagination

2107 sank deep in the mind of Ichabod

2108 all the stories of ghosts and goblins . . . came crowding upon his recollection. The night grew darker and darker  

711 must, after all, I considered, have been but the suggestion of a vivid imagination, rendered morbidly active by the terror of the lady, by the opium, and by the hour.

712 that fantastical chamber

714 first glimpse of building, insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit [correspondence]

714 vacant eye-like windows

715 id house and family

718 superstition / building

718 identical Madeleine

718 mind = radiation of gloom

725 echo

725 exact counterpart

  

life / legend blurred; reality / romanticism

Poe’s style: what can and can’t be said (cf. romance)

Language of extremes (cf. Romanticism)

Cf. Edwards, 216-17

706 the beauty of beings either above or apart from the earth

706 that something . . . what was it?

706 upon the very verge of remembering

706 (strange, oh strangest mystery of all!) [superlatives]

707 catalog (cf. Aleph)

708 [more superlatives] [romanticism as extremes]

708 even more energetic

719 within the compass of merely written words

721 I lack words to express . . .

721 gothic list of books, [allusion]

 

 


Faulkner

William Faulkner, N 2160-66.

Faulkner reading: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discussion question:

What are the merits and limits of the Gothic's usefulness?

Where is it delightful and informative? Where does it descend to "same old same old?"

What principles for extending its usefulness?

 

genre or style discussion: be prepared to shift terms; no single word answers for all, and even a single word changes its meaning as context changes.

Other terms potentially associated with gothic: terror, suspense, ghost stories, the grotesque.

Like Romanticism, "Gothic" is a convenient term for drawing a lot of diverse phenomena into a common field of discussion, but stretching the term too far can destroy the concept's snap and vigor.

 

Poe as unique writer

 

"Insane drug addict"

>unlucky, hardworking alcoholic

constant "rewriting" of Poe's life

2387 influences, contributions by Poe

loss of beautiful woman

Poe as catalogue of American Romanticism

 

Byronic hero

Character type named for English poet Lord Byron, 1788-1824

 

 

dark, handsome appearance

"wandering," searching attitude

haunted by some secret sin or crime

modern culture hero: appeals to society by standing apart from society, superior yet wounded

compare: Magua, Hawthorne, Claggart in "Billy Budd"

 

contemporary examples: James Dean, Kurt Cobain, Trent Reznor

suggestions from girls in coffee shop:

Brandon Lee in The Crow

LeStat in The Vampire Chronicles

 

Layne Staley of Alice in Chains

Alan Rickman

Sean Connery

members of Sublime--died early, "danger to society"

 

Sting

 

Tupac Shakur

Rufus Sewell in Dark City

 

 

from literature:

Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights

 

Rochester in Jane Eyre

Women manifesting Byronism?

Cora in Mohicans

 

Question: What is the significance of the Byronic hero as a "culture hero?"

Why does the paradigm, image, or symbol continue to recur and / or evolve?

What's ironical about the significance?

 

 

 

 

significance: culture hero who is dangerous to the culture for which he is a hero

 

 

 

 

 

farewell Mohicans

intermixing of European Romanticism with American subject matter ("knights of the forest," Cooper as "the American Scott")

gothic space > wilderness

gothic secret > race mixing, dispossession (Lawrence on ghosts)

sublime scale of setting, titanic characters, combination of archaic and biblical speech (i. e., not everyday speech)

Romanticism as stretching boundaries of possible: plot devices of miraculous marksmanship, disguises, but also glimpse of possible relation between Cora and Uncas

romance narrative as journey > popular cliffhanger; capture, escape, pursuit

 

What's different about Mohicans from later Romanticism or Transcendentalism: 

less internalized, characters as types, closed off to close identification